DOI: 10.1134/S1070428013010028″
“Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for at least 412months after solid organ transplant.

In our center, renal transplant recipients receive only 1month of post-transplant trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, which also may provide limited protection against Nocardia. We identified only 4 PCP cases and 4 Nocardia cases in 1352 patients receiving renal and renal-pancreas transplant from 2003 to 2009 at the University of Michigan Health System. Two PCP cases were identified <1year after transplant, and 2 PCP cases were identified >1year after transplant KPT-8602 Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor (gross attack rate 4/1352, 0.3%). Two Nocardia cases were identified <1year after transplant, and 2 cases were identified >1year after transplant. All see more identified cases received induction therapy (7 of 8 with anti-thymocyte globulin), whereas about one-half of all renal transplant patients received induction therapy at our institution. No patient was treated for rejection within 6months of PCP; 2 of 4 patients with PCP had recent cytomegalovirus infection. All patients with PCP and 3 of 4 patients with Nocardia survived. The benefits of prolonged PCP prophylaxis

should be weighed against the adverse events associated with prolonged use of antimicrobials.”
“Atherosclerotic heart disease and stroke remain the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention can improve

the well-being of a population and possibly cut downstream healthcare ITF2357 research buy spending, and must be the centerpiece of any sustainable health economy model. As lifestyle and CVD risk factors differ among ethnicities, cultures, genders, and age groups, an accurate risk assessment model is the critical first step for guiding appropriate use of testing, lifestyle counseling resources, and preventive medications. Examples of such models include the US Framingham Risk Score and the European SCORE system. The European Society of Cardiology recently published an updated set of guidelines on CVD prevention. This review highlights the similarities and differences between European and US risk assessment models, as well as their respective recommendations on the use of advanced testing for further risk reclassification and the appropriate use of medications. In particular, we focus on head-to-head comparison of the new European guideline with prior American Heart Association statements (2002, 2010, and 2011) covering risk assessment and treatment of asymptomatic adults. Despite minor disagreements on the weight of recommendations in certain areas, such as the use of coronary calcium score and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in risk assessment, CVD prevention experts across the 2 continents agree on 1 thing: prevention works in halting the progression of atherosclerosis and decreasing disease burden over a lifetime.