Second, the work he has published on germplasm cryopreservation has had a major societal impact through its implications and applications in genetics, livestock productivity, endangered species, and assisted reproduction in humans. Between 2007 and 2010 (years for which I have records) he published papers on or related to the cryobiology of nine mammalian species (Human,

mouse, bovine, ovine, horse, dog, cat, monkey, and pig). The papers dealt with oocytes, early embryos, ovaries, and sperm. They spanned areas ranging from fundamental matters Etoposide order of permeability to reviews and book chapters on techniques. I feel certain that he had a broader and deeper knowledge of the cryobiological literature than anyone anywhere. For these accomplishments and others, he was named a Fellow of the Society for Cryobiology in 2005, the first group of three so recognized. For millennia, philosophers and theologians have considered the profound questions of what

is humankind’s purpose on earth, and whether fulfilling those purposes constitutes a form of immortality. All humans share in the Pexidartinib purchase immortality gained by transmitting their germplasm to succeeding generations. They share in the immortality gained by the impact they have had on family, friends, and associates. But some scientists are triply privileged in this regard. In October 1972 Stanley co-authored a paper in Science reporting the first successful cryopreservation of early mouse embryos. Those findings and their impact will Selleck Palbociclib exist as long as libraries exist and human beings can read. In addition, immortality for scientists is conferred not just by blood-line children but also by “academic” children and relatives. I look on Stanley as my academic younger brother; I look on Bill Rall as my academic son; I’m sure that Nucharin Songsasen looks on Stanley as her academic father. All-in-all, what a purposeful life! We who are his family and friends will miss him for who he was. We who are his scientific colleagues will strongly

miss the direct contributions he will no longer be making to cryobiology, but we shall remain thankful for past contributions, the impacts of which will continue to ripple onwards and outwards for the indefinite future. “
“Rats are used for studies in various fields, including behavioral science, biochemistry, neurobiology, physiology, and pharmacology [7]. Therefore, many strains suitable for various types of studies, such as inbred, congenic, and recombinant inbred strains, have been developed. In addition, recent advances in genetic modification technology have resulted in the production of many transgenic rat strains [20] and knock-out strains using zinc-finger nuclease [4] or embryonic stem cells [22]. Moreover, back-crossing of genetically modified rats may be conducted with rats in other genetic backgrounds and new strains with multiple modified genes may be produced by intercrossing genetically modified strains [1].