It Metformin molecular weight was also observed that probiotic

dahi suppressed the diabetes progression and its complication through enhancing antioxidant system (Yadav et al., 2008). Though, the actual link between probiotic-mediated pathology of obesity and diabetes has been debated on the basis of farm animal’s data (Raoult, 2008; Delzenne & Reid, 2009; Ehrlich, 2009). In relation to these controversies, Bifidobacteria, one of the important classes of probiotic organisms, have been found to be decreased in overweight women in comparison with normal weight women (Santacruz et al., 2009). Recent studies have suggested that probiotic-based selective strains of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria show beneficial effects on obesity and type-2 diabetes (Aronsson et al., 2010). Andreasen et al. (2010) reported that L. acidophilus decreased the insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in human Crizotinib mw subjects. More recently, Vajro et al. (2011) and others (Kang et al., 2010; An et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2011; Naito

et al., 2011) showed that feeding of specific strains of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria ameliorate the progression of obesity and diabetes, suggesting that probiotic-mediated modulation of gut flora can be a potential therapy against obesity and diabetes. Although animal studies have shown promising results in probiotic-mediated PTK6 suppression of obesity and diabetes, very few studies in humans showed the significant effects. Hence, it is required to conduct well-designed studies for examining the efficacy of probiotic-based

formulation in the treatment for obesity and diabetes. Also, the mechanism(s) of action for probiotic-based formulation is not completely understood; therefore, future studies should also be focused on describing the probiotic action–targeted molecules and organs in physiologic models. Certain functional foods containing probiotic provide preformed lactase to gut and allow better digestion of lactose. The regulatory role of probiotics in allergic disease was demonstrated by a suppressive effect on lymphocytes’ proliferation and interleukin-4 generation in vitro (Sutas et al., 1996). Subsequently, the immune inflammatory responses to dietary antigens in allergic individuals were shown to be alleviated by probiotics, this being partly attributable to enhance the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (Pessi et al., 2000) and transferring growth factor-β (Haller et al., 2000). Probiotic bacteria also possess prophylactic and therapeutic properties.