Statistical significance of the YAP-TEAD Inhibitor 1 terms in the regression equations was examined. The significant terms in the model were found by analysis of variance (ANOVA) for each response. The adequacy of the model was checked accounting for R 2 and adjusted R 2. The desired goals for each variable

and response were chosen. All the independent variables were kept within the range while the responses were either maximized or minimized. Malondialdehyde value EGCG nanoliposomes were stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for 30 days. The malondialdehyde (MDA) value was determined as an index of the phospholipid peroxidation [27]. The MDA value was detected spectrophotometrically by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction following the method of Weng and Chen [28]. Taking 5 mL of a mixture of 25 mmol/L TBA, 0.9 mol/L TCA and 50 mmol/L HCl in a test tube and 1 mL EGCG selleck inhibitor nanoliposomes were heated to 100°C for 30 min, and after reaching room temperature, the absorbance of the solutions was measured at 532 nm [29]. In vitro release of EGCG from nanoliposomes The controlled release was examined

in simulated gastric juice of pH 1.3 and intestinal juice of pH 7.5. The solution of pH 1.3 consisted of HCl (0.10 M), pepsin, and deionized water, while the solution of pH 7.5 was made up of KH2PO4 (6.8 mg/mL), NaOH (0.10 M, adjusted to pH 7.5), trypsin (10 mg/mL), and deionized water [30]. Five milliliters of EGCG nanoliposome suspensions was mixed with the equal volume of simulated gastrointestinal juice in a 50-mL beaker. The beaker was placed on a magnetic stirrer adjusted to a constant speed of 150 rpm at 37°C. Aliquots of 0.2 mL were sampled from the beaker at predetermined intervals.

The release of EGCG from nanoliposomes was evaluated by a release ratio. The release ratio was calculated using Equation 3 [31]. (3) where EE0 is the encapsulation efficiency of EGCG nanoliposomes before incubation, and EE t is the encapsulation Mirabegron efficiency of EGCG nanoliposomes after incubation for the time. Cellular uptake studies Cell viability was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) reduction assay [32, 33]. Caco-2 cells (CBCAS, Shanghai, China) were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, Gaithersburg, MD, USA). The cells were cultured at 37°C with 5% CO2[34]. The cells were passaged thrice a week. At 80% confluence, the cells were subcultured into 96-well plates. After the monolayer of cells became formed for 36 h, the cells were treated with a range of concentrations of different EGCG nanoliposomes and EGCG. The cells were treated with the described particle suspensions for 24 h. Cell activity was determined by measuring the enzymatic reduction of yellow tetrazolium MTT to a purple formazan, as measured at 570 nm using an enzyme-labeled instrument [35].