0) 297.7 ± 8.0 297.0 (289.0 – 320.0) 297.5

± 6.1 296.0 (289.0 – 309.0) 297.6 ± 4.5 297.5 (290.0 – 305.0) 3 hours Post Dehydrating Exercise* 291.2 ± 6.6 290.0 (285.0 – 310.0) 289.6 ± 5.5 288.0 (283.0 – 304.0) 291.8 ± 5.7 289.0 (286.0 – 306.0) 290.3 ± 5.1 289.5 (284.0 – 302.0) Data are mean ± SD (top row); median and (range) provided in bottom row *Coconut Selleck Trametinib water from concentrate greater than bottled water (p = 0.049); when expressed as change from Pre Dehydrating Exercise at 3 hours Post Dehydrating Exercise. No other differences noted (p > 0.05). Table 6 Urine specific gravity of exercise-trained men before and after dehydrating exercise Time VitaCoco® Sport Drink Coconut Water From Concentrate Bottled Water Pre Dehydrating Exercise 1.0204 ± 0.0087 1.02 (1.01 – 1.03) 1.0218 ± 0.0096 1.03 (1.00 – 1.032) 1.0217 ± 0.0106 1.03 (1.01 – 1.03) 1.0231 ± 0.0068 1.03 (1.01 – 1.03) Immediately Post Dehydrating Exercise 1.0158 ± 0.0102 1.02 (1.01 – 1.03) 1.0165 ± 0.0112 1.018 (1.00 – 1.03) 1.0153 ± 0.0098 1.02 (1.00 – 1.03) 1.0161 ± 0.0077 1.02 (1.00 – 1.03) 3 hours Post Dehydrating Exercise 1.0200 ± 0.0098 1.03 (1.01 – 1.03) 1.0060 ± 0.0037 1.01 (1.00 – 1.02) 1.0139 ± 0.0066 1.02 (1.00 – 1.03) 1.0055 ± 0.0022 1.01 (1.00 – 1.01) Data are mean ± SD (top row); median and (range) provided in bottom

row No differences noted (p > 0.05). Subjective Data All four conditions quenched thirst with no significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05). Subjects reported feeling MAPK Inhibitor Library bloated with all four conditions, as Avelestat (AZD9668) per statistically significant increases at 1 hour post dehydrating exercise. Over the two hour rehydration period, the bloatedness decreased for all four conditions but remained statistically significant at 3 hours post

dehydrating exercise for VitaCoco® (p = 0.012) and coconut water from concentrate (p = 0.034). Subjects generally felt refreshed after rehydration, with a statistically significant increase for bottled water over VitaCoco® at 1 hour post dehydrating exercise (p = 0.036). No other differences were noted (p > 0.05). The two coconut-based products tended to produce more stomach upset than bottled water or sport drink, with significant findings at 3 hours post dehydrating exercise for VitaCoco® and sport drink (p = 0.034), VitaCoco® and bottled water (p = 0.046), coconut water from concentrate and sport drink (p = 0.020) and coconut water from concentrate and bottled water (p = 0.020). Tiredness generally tended to decrease immediately post dehydrating exercise, with no significant differences between conditions (p > 0.05). All subjective data are presented in Table 7. Table 7 Subjective ratings of exercise-trained men before and after dehydrating exercise Time VitaCoco® Sport Drink Coconut Water From Concentrate Bottled Water Thirst         Immediately Post DHE 4.08 ± 1.16 4.42 ± 0.67 4.45 ± 0.69 4.67 ± 0.65 1 hour Post DHE 1.17 ± 0.58 1.33 ± 0.89 1.36 ± 0.67 1.08 ± 0.29 2 hours Post DHE 1.50 ± 0.52 1.58 ± 0.67 1.45 ± 0.52 1.50 ± 0.