A well-known member of the genus, Bacillus cereus, is a food poisoning bacterium causing both emetic and diarrhoeal disease. Other Bacillus species, particularly B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, and B. thuringiensis, have also recently been recognized as causative agents of food poisoning. However, reviews and research pertaining to bacilli have focused LEE011 on B. cereus. Here, we review the literature regarding the potentially toxigenic Bacillus species and the toxins produced that are associated with food poisoning.”
“Objective: The goal of the study was to investigate the expression of cadherin-11 in synovial fibroblasts (SFs) under
mechanical or inflammatory stimuli, and its potential relationship with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Methods: SFs separated from rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were treated with hydrostatic pressures (HP) of 30, 60, 90, and 120 kPa, as well
as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The location of cadherin-11 was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy, and its expression was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. We also studied the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in SFs with HP or TNF-alpha stimulation.
Results: The results showed that increased expression of cadherin-11 could be found in the cell-cell contact site of SFs in response to HP and inflammatory stitnulation. The mRNA and protein expression of cadherin-11 was positively correlated with the JNK-IN-8 ic50 intensity of HP and the duration time of TNF-alpha treatment. KU-57788 mouse Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) and activation of Akt were also found. Treatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 attenuated the pressure or inflammatory cytokine induction increases of cadherin-11, VEGF-D, and FGF-2 both in mRNA and protein
levels.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that cadherin-11 may play important roles in SFs following exposure to mechanical loading and inflammatory stimulation. In addition, PI3K/Akt pathway was associated with pressure or inflammation-induced cadherin-11 expression, which may involve in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular diseases. (C) 2013 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A simple isocratic method for quantification of hydroxyzine dihydrochloride by HPLC with UV detection at 232 nm in syrup has been developed and validated. Separation was achieved on a C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 mu m) maintained at 90 degrees C with 0.5 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer : acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The method was proven to be linear over the range of 80-120 mu g/mL, accurate (recovery = 97.8 %), precise (coefficient of variation = 1.52 % for sample) and robust.