“
“Impact of long-term biosolids application on soil-living micro-organisms key players of ecosystemic services is scarcely reported. Here,

the impact of the 19 year-long application of farmyard manure (FM) and sewage sludge (SS) organic fertilisation regimes on the protocatechuate-degrading bacterial (pca) community was estimated by comparison to a mineral fertilisation regime (U). The structure, diversity and density of the pca community were determined using pcaH, a gene encoding the protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Ten years after the last application, the structure of the pca community in soils amended with 55100 (100 t/ha/2 years) and to a lesser extent with FM (10 t/ha/year) was still different from that in U treatment. pcaH amplicons from all treatments were cloned, screened by RFLP and sequenced. The Staurosporine supplier diversity was studied by Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indexes and by rarefaction curves estimated from pcaH library analyses, showing that the pcaH community was impacted in SS10 and SS100, compared to U. The sequencing of pcaH amplicons supports the results from the RFLP analysis. Quantification of the abundance of the pca community by qPCR assays showed LDN-193189 order a significant increase in SS100 in comparison to U. FM and SS10. Overall, 10 years after the last application, the impact of 19 years’ organic fertilisation on the

pcaH community was still traceable, highlighting the lack of resilience of this functional community. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains refractory to available surgical and medical interventions. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are an emerging targeted therapy with antiproliferative activity in a variety of thyroid cancer cell lines. Thailandepsin A (TDP-A) is a novel class I HDAC inhibitor whose efficacy remains largely unknown in ATC. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the effect of TDP-A on ATC. Methods: Human-derived ATC cells were treated with TDP-A. IC50

was determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) rapid colorimetric assay, and cell proliferation was measured by viable cell count. Molecular Caspase inhibitor mechanisms of cell growth inhibition were investigated by Western blot analysis of canonical apoptosis markers, intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis regulators, and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Cell cycle staging was determined with propidium iodide flow cytometry. Results: TDP-A dose- and time-dependently reduced cell proliferation. Increased cleavage of the apoptosis markers Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase were observed with TDP-A treatment. Levels of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway proteins BAD, Bcl-XL, and BAX remained unchanged.