01: grip strength, plasma creatinine and antichymotrypsin. Plasma albumin, diet energy and diet phosphorus were marginally significant, with P values

between 0.03 and 0.06. Multivariable models In the multivariable Cox regression models, for combined sexes, mid-upper arm circumference, LEE011 price grip strength, plasma creatinine, albumin and α1-antichymotrypsin were all significantly (P < 0.05) associated with all-cause mortality (results not shown). For men, the significant predictors were grip strength, plasma creatinine and α1-antichymotrypsin, and for women, they were mid-upper arm circumference, plasma creatinine, albumin and α1-antichymotrypsin. None of the nutrient status indices or nutrient intake estimates survived into the final multivariable models.

Discussion Background Because the predictive value of conventional risk factors for disease and mortality appears to diminish with advancing age [13], recent attention has focused on the discriminative ability of novel risk markers in elderly cohorts [14]. The primary purpose of the present paper was to explore the predictive significance of a subset of the biochemical status indices and nutrient intakes that were Selleckchem SN-38 measured at baseline as part of the original population surveillance protocol of the NDNS of People Aged 65 Years and Over, with a specific focus on bone-related nutrients and related risk indices, including hand grip strength (proxy for physical, i.e. muscular, robustness versus frailty) and Akt inhibition physical activity score (proxy for muscular activity, together with probable sunlight exposure). Calcium Etomidate and phosphorus are major components

of bone mineral whose blood concentrations reflect (inter alia) the adequacy of supply, and of metabolic control, of these nutrients in relation to bone health. Plasma 25(OH)D is the preferred index of vitamin D status, which in turn reflects the adequacy of vitamin D supply and, hence, the supply adequacy of its derived hormone, calcitriol, which controls calcium absorption, distribution and delivery. Its adequacy is further reflected by plasma PTH levels since this hormone also reacts to, and controls, bone mineral status and delivery. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity is another indicator of bone mineral status (in the NDNS survey [5], only total alkaline phosphatase activity was measured, whose activity includes a bone-specific alkaline phosphatase which is considered to be a more specific bone mineral status indicator). Plasma creatinine levels reflect kidney function, plasma α1-antichymotrypsin is a medium-term acute phase indicator (of inflammatory processes), and plasma albumin is an indicator of general and hepatic health, especially in older adults. Of the functional and anthropometric indices reported here, grip strength obviously reflects functional muscular strength; arm circumference is also a proxy for muscle status and muscle wasting.