Before and after each intervention, reflex activation of the erector spinae in response to sudden trunk flexion (initiated by a Kin-Com dynamometer) was monitored bilaterally at T10 and L3 using surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes. These recordings indicated the onset latency of reflex activation, the peak EMG, and time to peak, at each site. Measurements before and after each intervention
and between muscle sites were compared using a 2-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance.
Results. Spinal creep was confirmed by an increase in maximum flexion of 2.3 degrees +/- 2.5 degrees (P = 0.003), and fatigue by a significant fall in median AMN-107 frequency at one or more sites. Following creep, onset latency increased from 60 +/- 12 milliseconds to 96 +/- 26 milliseconds (P < 0.001) but there was no change in peak EMG or time to peak EMG. Differences between sites (P = 0.004) indicated greater latencies in lumbar compared to thoracic regions, especially after creep. Muscle fatigue had no significant effects on any of the measured parameters.
Conclusion.
Prolonged spinal flexion https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sb273005.html can impair sensorimotor control mechanisms and reduce back muscle protection of the underlying spine. The effect is due to time-dependent “”creep”" in soft tissues rather than muscle fatigue.”
“Samples of an aerospace-grade, carbon-fiber epoxy composite (Hexcell 8552/1M7) were subject to long-term (1 year) hot/wet aging and thermal spiking under different humidity levels and temperature conditions related to the “”in-service”" conditions seen in military GS-7977 aircraft. Changes to the chemical and physico-chemical structure of the composite were analyzed by a range of experimental techniques including gravimetric analysis, FTIR, and DMA, to compare the effects of the various aging conditions. The
results indicated that, while the chemical changes (as seen by FTIR) in this well cured composite appeared to be only significant at the surface, they did appear to have a deeper influence on some of the major physical property changes observed, such as micro-cracking, glass-transition-temperature (T(g)) variations, and Tan 8 curves. These physical changes could not be fully explained by standard water-absorption effects alone but could also be influenced by chemical changes similar to those seen at the surface. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 901-910, 2010″
“Several factors may be important in determining the discharge of patients to long-term care from the acute hospital.
We aimed to look at factors associated with discharge to long-term care from St. James’s Hospital, Dublin between 1997 and 2008.
Data obtained from a long-term care database within the geriatric service were analysed. This service is responsible for assessing and listing all patients for long-term care within the hospital.