(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Two new triterpenoids, ursa-12-sene-3,11-diol 3-O-palmitate (1) and ursa-12-sene-1,3,11-triol 3-O-palmitate (2), were isolated from the 70% aqueous acetone extract of the aerial parts of Viburnum betulifolium, together with

the artificial diene derivative of 2, ursa-12-dien-1,3-diol 3-O-palmitate (2a). Their structures were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS.”
“Sphingomyelin AG-881 nmr phosphodiesterase 3 (Smpd3) encodes a membrane-bound enzyme that cleaves sphingomyelin to generate several bioactive metabolites. A recessive mutation called fragilitas ossium (fro) in the Smpd3 gene leads to impaired mineralization of bone and tooth extracellular matrix (ECM) in fro/fro mice. In teeth from fro/fro mice at various neonatal ages, radiography and light and electron microscopy showed delayed mantle dentin mineralization and a consequent delay in enamel formation as compared with that in control +/fro mice. These tooth abnormalities progressively improved with time. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of SMPD3 by dentin-forming odontoblasts. SMPD3 deficiency, however, did not affect the differentiation of these cells, as shown by osterix and dentin sialophosphoprotein expression. Using

a transgenic mouse rescue model (fro/fro; Col1a1-Smpd3) in which Smpd3 expression is driven by a murine Col1a1 promoter fragment active in osteoblasts and odontoblasts, selleck kinase inhibitor ARS-1620 we demonstrate a complete correction of the tooth mineralization delays. In conclusion, analysis of these data demonstrates that Smpd3 expression in odontoblasts is required for tooth mineralization.”
“Heavy rainfall events, increasing in frequency and intensity with climate change, impact on the quality of the water resource used for drinking-water production. Small-scale water suppliers are particularly sensitive because of their management and the related difficulties

of adapting treatment to variations. Decision-support systems, based on monitoring and analytical tools, need to be developed to improve crisis-management procedures related to such events. After presenting the issues related to heavy rainfall events, the article summarizes the tools currently used for quality control of drinking water within this framework, the need for developments and other requirements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To study the chemical composition of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans, various chromatographic methods were used in the isolation procedures and the structures of isolated compounds were determined based on NMR and MS analysis. As a result, two new compounds were isolated from its ethanolic extract and characterized as N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylurea (1) and 19-oxocinobufotalin 3-adipoylarginine ester (2), together with 11 known compounds.