Clostridium dakarense strain FF1T (= CSUR P243 = DSM 27086), is the type strain of Clostridium dakarense sp. nov. This bacterium is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming, indole negative bacillus that was isolated from the stool of a 4-month-old Senegalese child suffering from gastroenteritis as part of a ��culturomics�� www.selleckchem.com/products/lapatinib.html study aiming at cultivating individually all species within human feces. The elevated cost and lack of intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility of the ��gold standard�� of taxonomic tools. i.e. DNA-DNA hybridization and G+C content determination [1], put bacterial taxonomic classification in a precarious state. In addition, the internationally-validated cutoff values of 16S rRNA sequence comparison [2] do not apply to all validly published genera and species.

Recently, high throughput genome sequencing and mass spectrometric analyses of bacteria have allowed unprecedented access to a wealth of genetic and proteomic information [3]. As a consequence, we proposed to use a polyphasic approach [4] to describe new bacterial taxa, including genome sequence, MALDI-TOF spectrum and main phenotypic characteristics [5-11]. The genus Clostridium (Prazmowski, 1880), classified among the Firmicutes, was created in 1880 [12] and consists of obligate anaerobic rod-shaped bacilli capable of producing endospores [12]. More than 180 Clostridium species have been described to date [13]. Members of the genus Clostridium are mostly environmental bacteria or associated with the commensal digestive flora of mammals, but several are major human pathogens, including C.

botulinum, C. difficile, C. tetani and C. perfringens [14,15]. A few species, such as C. butyricum and C. pasteurianum, fix nitrogen and have gained importance in agricultural and industrial applications [16,17]. Here we present a summary classification and a set of features for C. dakarense sp. nov. strain FF1T (= CSUR P243 = DSM 27086) together with the description of the complete genomic sequencing and annotation. These characteristics support the circumscription of the species C. dakarense sp. nov. Classification and features A stool specimen was collected from a 4-month-old Senegalese child suffering from gastroenteritis. Informed consent was obtained from the child��s parents and approval from the ethics committee from the Institut Federatif de Recherche 48 (Facult�� de M��decine, Marseille, France).

The fecal specimen was preserved at -20��C after collection and sent to Marseille. Strain FF1T (Table 1) was isolated in July 2011 by anaerobic cultivation on 5% sheep blood-enriched Columbia agar (BioMerieux, Marcy GSK-3 l��Etoile, France). This strain exhibited a 96.90% 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence similarity with C. lituseburense, the phylogenetically closest validated Clostridium species (Figure 1). Although sequence similarity of the 16S rRNA is not uniform across taxa, this value was lower than the 98.