DNA was isolated from 0.5-1 g of cell paste using MasterPure Gram-positive DNA purification kit (Epicentre MGP04100) following the standard protocol as recommended by the manufacturer, with modification st/DL for cell lysis as described in Wu et al. [40]. DNA is available through the DNA Bank Network [42]. Genome sequencing and assembly The draft genome was generated at the DOE inhibitor licensed Joint Genome Institute (JGI) using a combination of Illumina and 454 technologies (Roche). For this genome, we constructed and sequenced an Illumina GAii shotgun library which generated 26,937,600 reads totaling 969.8 Mb, a 454 Titanium standard library which generated 238,617 reads and a paired end 454 library with an average insert size of 14.3 kb which generated 112,671 reads totaling 141.8 Mb of 454 data.
All general aspects of library construction and sequencing performed at the JGI can be found at [43]. The initial draft assembly contained 28 contigs in one scaffold. The 454 Titanium standard data and the 454 paired end data were assembled together with Newbler, version 2.3. The Newbler consensus sequences were computationally shredded into 2 kb overlapping fake reads (shreds). Illumina sequencing data was assembled with VELVET, version 0.7.63 [44], and the consensus sequences were computationally shredded into 1.5 kb overlapping fake reads (shreds). We integrated the 454 Newbler consensus shreds, the Illumina VELVET consensus shreds and the read pairs in the 454 paired end library using parallel phrap, version SPS – 4.24 (High Performance Software, LLC).
The software Consed [45] was used in the following finishing process. Illumina data was used to correct potential base errors and increase consensus quality using the software Polisher developed at JGI [46]. Possible mis-assemblies were corrected using gapResolution [43], Dupfinisher [47], or sequencing cloned bridging PCR fragments with subcloning. Gaps between contigs were closed by editing in Consed, by PCR and by Bubble PCR (J-F Cheng, unpublished) primer walks. A total of 388 additional reactions were necessary to close gaps and to raise the quality of the finished sequence. The error rate of the completed genome sequence is less than 1 in 100,000. Together, the combination of the Illumina and 454 sequencing platforms provided 508.6 �� coverage of the genome.
Genome annotation Genes were identified using Prodigal [48] as part of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory genome annotation pipeline, followed by a round of manual curation using the JGI GenePRIMP pipeline [49]. The predicted CDSs were translated and used to search the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nonredundant database, UniProt, TIGR-Fam, Pfam, PRIAM, KEGG, COG, and InterPro databases. Additional gene prediction Brefeldin_A analysis and functional annotation was performed within the Integrated Microbial Genomes – Expert Review (IMG-ER) platform [50].