immunotherapeutic methods using heteropolymers to target circulating immune complexes have been developed on the basis of the procedure for IA. The difficulty of pneumococcal surface elements could make the transfer effect of pneumococci more difficult than in the case of soluble immune complexes. Pneumococci have now been demonstrated to interact with a few macrophage receptors other than complement and Fc receptors, such as Toll like receptors 2 and 4, scavenger receptor contact us SR AI/II, and SIGN R1, which could participate in the transfer reaction at the same time. In conclusion, the current study suggests that the kind 3 capsule of pneumococci inhibits C3 deposit through the choice pathway. However, while in the presence of anti tablet antibody, the deposition of C3, C1q, and C4 through the classical pathway is increased, which increases the transfer of pneumococci and the IA of pneumococci from erythrocytes to macrophages. Moreover, we found that CR3 represents a major role in mediating the exchange effect and that Fc RIII/II is additional. Representing a role for IA within the in vivo clearance of pneumococci is really a difficult problem. We are Plastid optimistic, nevertheless, that we will be able to address these dilemmas in the future by reports that will include reviews of immune blood approval between transgenic mice expressing human CR 1 on their erythrocytes and wild type mice which absence CR 1 expression on their erythrocytes. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. Each year S. pneumoniae causes about 1. 2 million deaths worldwide from pneumonia. Antibiotics are good at managing several cases of pneumococcal illness, but their use does not stop mortality within the initial 48 h of presentation. The potency of therapeutic attention is further restricted by the common incidence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains, and a few retrospective studies have reported essentially no change in fatality rates due to pneumococcal bacteremia over the past 40 to 60 years. These factors have stimulated renewed fascination with preventing pneumococcal CTEP infections by using vaccines. Prophylactic vaccines according to capsular polysaccharides of the pneumococcus are the sole certified vaccines available against S. pneumoniae. The 23 valent PS vaccine is not effective in children younger than 5 years, although the recently registered 7 valent conjugate vaccine only includes a restricted number of pneumococcal serotypes. The effectiveness of the 7 valent conjugate vaccine at reducing endemic pneumococcal disease due to vaccine serotypes and cross reactive ranges is more successful. However, this success of the conjugate vaccine is somewhat counterbalanced by recent studies documenting increases in pneumococcal illness because of low vaccine related serotypes.