In both species, the cross-link this website adducts from meso-DEB were much less than those from racemic DEB, which is in agreement with the present data on blood concentrations of (±)- and meso-DEB. The DEB plateaus (Fig. 2) do not result from saturation of CYP2E1 mediated oxidation of its metabolic precursor EB, considering that the Michaelis constant of this metabolic step is around 140 μmol/l in

liver microsomes of both rodent species (Seaton et al., 1995). Most probably, the experimentally demonstrated concurrent metabolic interactions of BD and its metabolites 1,2-epoxy-3-butene and 3-butene-1,2-diol at the metabolizing cytochrome P450 species (Filser et al., 2010) are the main cause for these plateaus occurring in both animal species at very low DEB concentrations of less than 2 μmol/l. For a more detailed discussion see Filser et al. (2007). The present DEB mouse data can be compared to DEB blood concentrations that had been published for the same strain. After single exposures (between 4 LY294002 order and 6 h) of male mice to BD concentrations

of between 62.5 and 1270 ppm (Bechtold et al., 1995, Filser et al., 2007, Himmelstein et al., 1994 and Thornton-Manning et al., 1995a), DEB concentrations were reported that are between 77% and 209%, on average 121%, of the values calculated for identical BD exposure concentrations by means of the exponential function fitted to the data given in Fig. 2A and a. So far, only one group reported measured DEB concentrations in BD exposed rats. After a vacuum line-cryogenic distillation of the blood of male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a BD concentration of 62.5 ppm, DEB concentrations of 5 nmol/l (Thornton-Manning et al., 1995a) and of 2.4 nmol/l (Thornton-Manning et GPX6 al., 1995b) had been determined by gas chromatography using a mass selective detector operating in selected ion monitoring mode. By means of the same method, DEB blood concentrations of up to 17 nmol/l had been found in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed either once (6 h) or repeatedly (6 h/d, 10 d) to 62.5 ppm or 8000 ppm BD (Thornton-Manning

et al., 1995a, Thornton-Manning et al., 1995b, Thornton-Manning et al., 1997 and Thornton-Manning et al., 1998). These DEB concentrations are drastically lower than those of about 50 nmol/l at 62.5 ppm and 100 nmol/l at ≥200 ppm detected in the present work by means of the distinctly more selective LC/MS/MS method compared to that of Thornton-Manning and co-workers. Although the present data were obtained after single 6-h BD exposures of male animals and those of Goggin et al. (2009) and Georgieva et al. (2010) after repeated (6 h/d, 5 d/w, 2 w) BD exposures of female animals, it may be meaningful to compare the ratios mouse-to-rat, calculated from the present (±)-DEB blood concentrations to the calculated ratios mouse-to-rat of racemic 1,4-bis-(guan-7-yl)-2,3-butanediol in livers (Goggin et al.