In the present review, we focus on the following investigations of miR-210: 1) its functions of as an oncogene, 2) its functions as a tumor suppressor, 3) its functions in mitochondrial metabolism, and finally, the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-210 in cancer researches. miR-210 functions as an oncogene Since miR-210 is up-regulated ubiquitously and robustly in hypoxic cells and hypoxia is a key feature of solid tumors, it is reasonable to explore the functions of miR-210 in tumorigenesis. With the development of bioinformatic miRNA targets prediction tools as well EPZ004777 ic50 as the improvement of experimental approaches,

many diverse targets of miR-210 have been identified, revealing an important role of miR-210 in tumor initiation and progression [58]. Table 1 presents the identified GSK1838705A cost targets of miR-210, showing the oncogenic role of miR-210. Table 1 Targets of miR-210 functioning as oncogene Symbol Description Related function Involved cell type MNT [22] MAX network transcriptional repressor Regulate cell proliferation HCT116 HeLa HFF-pBABE ME-180 786-O-pBABE Casp8ap2 [31] Caspase 8 associated protein 2 Regulate apoptosis MSC PTBP3/ROD1 [61] Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 3/Regulator of differentiation 1 Regulate apoptosis

HEK-293 HUVEC E2F3 [32] E2F transcription factor 3 Regulate apoptosis and cell proliferation HPASMC BNIP3 [36] BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 Induce apoptosis NPC PC12 AIFM3 [27] Apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondrion associated, 3 Induce apoptosis SMMC-7721 HepG2 HuH7 EFNA3 [41, 64] Ephrin-A3 Regulate

angiogenesis HUVEC VMP1 [42] Vacuole membrane protein 1 Regulate migration and invasion SMMC-7721 HuH-7 RAD52 [66] RAD52 homolog (S. cerevisiae) Involve in DNA repair HeLa MCF-7 PTPN1 [68] protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Regulate MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit immune response IGR-Heu NA-8 HOXA1 [68] Homeobox A1 Regulate immune response IGR-Heu NA-8 TP53I11 [68] tumor protein p53 inducible protein 11 Regulate immune response IGR-Heu NA-8 Abbreviations: MSC mesenchymal stem cell, HPASMC human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell, NPCs neural progenitor cell, HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cell. miR-210 promotes cancer cell proliferation Sustaining proliferative capacity is a key hallmark of cancer cells which acquire such capacity through a number of ways: 1) they may produce growth factor ligands themselves and stimulate normal cells in tumor-associated stroma to supply various growth factors, 2) they may harbor activating find more mutations to sustain proliferative signaling, and 3) they may disrupt negative-feedback loops that attenuate proliferative signaling [59].