Respondents were contacted by e-mail and asked to fill out an electronic version of the item pool, which took approximately 45 min for completion on a computer. It was possible to log out half way through the survey and to continue after logging in again later on. However, the questionnaire

had to be fully completed within 3 days. It was not possible to skip questions. Two reminders to complete the questionnaire were sent by e-mail. For each completed questionnaire, we donated 2.50 Euro to a charity that the respondents could select from among three options. Subjects part 2 A random sample of 1,200 nurses and allied health professionals in one Dutch academic medical center was taken, as we expected a response rate of 25% and strived to recruit 300 respondents. This sample was stratified by age, gender, and occupation. selleckchem Information was collected about the participant’s gender, age, and the history of their mental health complaints. Mental health status was measured using two questionnaires. First, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) Milciclib in vivo was used, a 12-item self-report questionnaire developed to detect common mental disorders in the general population

(Goldberg et al. 1988). Following earlier studies in the working populations, a cut-off point of ≥4 was this website applied to identify individuals reporting sufficient psychological distress to be classified as probable cases of minor psychiatric disorder (Bultmann et al. 2002). Second, the 16-item distress subscale of the Four-Dimensional Symptoms Questionnaire (4DSQ) was used (Terluin 1998; Terluin et al. 2006). For case identification, a cut-off point of ≥11 was applied (van Rhenen et al. 2008).

Analysis part 2 A first reduction in items was based on the variation in answers. In the case of minimal variation (≥95% of answers given in one response category), exclusion of the item was discussed in the research team (Streiner Dapagliflozin and Norman 2008). Further reduction in items and determination of the underlying factors were based on explorative factor analysis with an orthogonal rotation approach, using principal component analysis (PCA) and Varimax Rotation (Stevens 2002; Tabachnick and Fidell 2001). To determine the optimum number of factors, we considered Catell’s screetest (1966). Kaiser’s criterion (retain factors with Eigenvalue >1) (Kaiser 1960), and parallel analysis, following the criterion that the PCA Eigenvalue of our dataset had to exceed the mean Eigenvalue of 100 random datasets with the same number of items and sample size (Horn 1965). In cases where these methods led to different numbers of components, we preferred the most interpretable component structure, with the least number of components.