syringae, possesses various characteristics that classify them as intermediates between the T3SS subgroups I and III. On one hand, Ralimetinib in vitro subgroup II clusters share the sctO, sctD and sctC2 genes with subgroup I clusters and but not with subgroup III; on the other hand, some subgroup II clusters posses putative translocator genes present in subgroup III, but absent from subgroup I. The T3SS-2 clusters of the P. syringae strains are essentially syntenic,

with the exceptions of an IS element (insertion sequence element) being present between the Hrc II N and Hrp II O coding frames in the P. syringae pv phaseolicola 1448a cluster and the absence of a TPR (tetratricopeptide repeats) protein coding frame in the P. syringae pv oryzae str.1_6 cluster. selleck chemicals Selleck PLX3397 The Rhizobium sp. NGR234 pNGR234b-plasmid borne cluster has two extended regions of synteny with those of the P. syringae strains.

One is the region from hrc II C 1 to hrc II T, [not including the IS element in the P. syringae pv phaseolicola 1448a cluster (see above)]. The other is the region from hrp II Q to PSPPH_2522 which, however, is inverted in the Rhizobium sp. NGR234 pNGR234b T3SS cluster relative to those in the pseudomonads. The coding frame for the RhcU/HrcU/YscU/FhlB homolog in the NGR234 cluster is transposed in relation to the Pseudomonas cluster (position which is maintained in the R.etli

and B. japonicum clusters). In subgroup II of Rhc-T3SS gene clusters an hrc II C2 gene can be identified in synteny to the subgroup I cluster. Oxymatrine A common property of subgroups II and III of Rhc-T3SS gene clusters is the presence of hrpK-like genes. Common to all Rhc-T3SS subgroups is the absence of a hrpP/yscP –like gene which usually resides between the hrpO/yscO-like gene and the hrcQ/yscQ homolog gene. A hrpO/yscO-like gene is absent from the subgroup III cluster. Subgroup I and III clusters maintain synteny with the P. syringae T3SS-2 clusters for most of the core T3SS ORFs. Finally, a gene coding for a HrpW homolog is found only in the R. etli clusters. Non-conserved T3SS proteins The translocator of the P. syringae T3SS-2 A common feature of the R. etli Rhc T3SS (subgroup III) and the T3SS-2 of P. syringae pathovars (but not of the Rhizobium sp. NGR234 T3SS-2) is the presence of an ORF coding for a hypothetical translocator protein: The PSPPH_2540 locus of the P. syringae pv phaseolicola 1448a T3SS-2 codes for a large protein of 1106 residues. The C-terminal part of this protein (residues 421 – 1106) is homologous to the HrpK proteins of the Hrc-Hrp1 T3SS family based on Psi-BLAST searches (25% identity with HrpK of Erwinia amylovora). HrpK shares low similarity with the putative translocator, HrpF, from Xantomonas campestris pv vesicatoria.