The cloud point selleck chemicals Wortmannin extraction efficiency increased with the hydrophobicity of the complexes and for the arsenomolybdenum blue complex it is nearly 100%. The extraction efficiency of heteropoly acids like phosphomolybdenum blue and arsenomolybdenum blue (present method) has been found to be 100% because of their hydrophobic nature as well as complete partition due to the efficient binding of these complexes to the micellar phase. Thus, the enhancement factor which has been defined as the concentration ratio of the analyte in the final diluted surfactant rich phase is 24. This enhancement factor facilitates to bring the analyte concentration within the detectable range in the proposed method.3.3. Interference StudyTo check the suitability of the proposed method for application studies, the effect of common anions and cations was studied in the determination of arsenic.

The anions like Cl?, SO42?, NO3?,CO32?, F?, and citrate did not interfere even at 1000��g level. However, PO43? and silica interfered positively as they also form heteropoly blue complexes. The phosphate and silicate interference was overcome by treating the sample solution with 1mL each of 2% calcium nitrate and 3% tartrate, respectively. The cationic species like Ba2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Al3+, and Cu2+ form white precipitate which can be removed by centrifuging before adding surfactant. The other cations like Fe2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cr6+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ did not interfere even at 1000��g. This method did not suffer any interference from glucose, citric acid, and amino acids like histidine, and so forth, which are commonly present in the urine samples (Table 1).

Table 1Effect of foreign ions.3.4. Analytical MeritsThe analytical merits of the optimized method have been summarized in Table 2. The linear working range of the method has been found to be 10�C200ngmL?1. The limit of detection, relative standard deviation, preconcentration factor, and improvement factor of the method were found to be 1.0ngmL?1, 1.4 for 25ng arsenic, 5 and 24, respectively.Table 2Analytical merits of the proposed method.3.5. Application StudyIn order to check the reliability of the proposed method, it was applied to determine arsenic content in the commercial chemicals where arsenic quantity is certified. The recovery studies were carried out by spiking the biological samples like human urine, human nail, and human hair samples with known quantities of arsenic.

These results were found to be compared with the results of ICPAES method which are in good agreement. The arsenic content AV-951 in surface water, ground water, soil, and vegetable samples were also determined (Tables (Tables3,3, ,4,4, and and55).Table 3Determination of arsenic from commercially procured chemicals.Table 4Determination of arsenic in biological samples.Table 5Determination of arsenic in different environmental samples.3.5.1.