We tested second- and fourth-graders in a reading-aloud experiment including high- and low-frequency words and nonwords. Results show that despite the regularity of orthography-phonology mappings in Italian and the predominant use of phonological recoding procedures, item-specific lexical knowledge is also used, even by beginning readers. The frequency effect was significant and did not increase with age, while stress errors on low-frequency words decreased with increasing grade. Stress neighbourhood increasingly affected

stress assignment on nonwords with older children. Taken together, our findings show that both item-specific knowledge and general information PF-562271 chemical structure about stress distribution are relevant in children’s reading, suggesting the simultaneous use of both lexical and sublexical information. Moreover, as the reading system develops, and knowledge about the relative distribution of stress neighbourhood increases, larger grain-size units are also exploited.”
“Language disorders of degenerative origin are frequently tied to Alzheimer disease (AD) the different variants of which can result in primary and secondary aphasia syndromes. More specifically, Alzheimer pathology can primarily erode frontal, temporal or parietal

language cortices resulting in three genuine AD language variants which account for about 30% of primary Selisistat degenerative aphasias. Likewise, it can spread from non-language to language cortices leading to secondary

language disorders like in typical amnesic AD and in several atypical AD variants. This paper reviews the whole set of AD variants by characterising their impact on the neural language system and on linguistic functioning. It also provides cues for diagnostic strategies which are essential for linguistic, syndromic and nosological patient classification, for adequate clinical follow-up and for guiding language rehabilitation. Such diagnostic AZD5582 purchase approaches, founded on detailed linguistic phenotyping while integrating anatomical and neuropathological findings, also represent a crucial issue for future drug trials targeting the physio-pathological processes in degenerative aphasias. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Progressive visual complaints related to visuospatial disorders, and less often to visuoperceptual disorders, may be the presenting and isolated manifestation of a focal degeneration in the posterior cortical areas, called posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). PCA is a clinical syndrome corresponding to a focal variant of Alzheimer’s disease in 80% of cases.