(C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved “
“The tw

(C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The two B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma entities, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), show recurrent chromosomal gains of 3q25-q29, 12q13-q14 and 18q21-q22. The pathomechanisms affected by these aberrations are not understood. The aim of this study was to identify genes, located within these gained regions, which control cell death and cell survival of MCL and CLL cancer cells. Blood samples collected from 18 patients with CLL and 6 patients with MCL, as well as 6 cell lines representing both malignancies were analyzed by gene

expression profiling. By a comparison of genomic DNA and gene expression, 72 candidate CHIR-99021 molecular weight genes were identified. We performed a limited RNA interference screening with these candidates to identify genes affecting cell survival. CCDC50 (coiled coil domain containing protein 50), SERPINI2 and SMARCC2 mediated a reduction of cell viability in primary CLL cells as well as click here in cell lines. Gene knockdown and a nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) reporter gene assay revealed that CCDC50 is required for

survival in MCL and CLL cells and controls NF kappa B signaling. Leukemia (2009) 23, 2018-2026; doi:10.1038/leu.2009.144; published online 30 July 2009″
“Palmitone is a secondary metabolite of polyketide origin extracted from leaves of Annona diversifolia Saff. (Annonaceae). We found that palmitone possesses anticonvulsant properties against penicillin-, 4-AP-, and RG7420 molecular weight pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-caused seizure in adult animals. Some convulsants as PTZ cause neuronal damage in different brain regions such as the CA3 hippocampal

region. Our objective was to evaluate if palmitone protects against M-caused seizures and hippocampal neuronal damage in prepubertal rats. We used 32 prepubertal Wistar rats (30-35 days old) divided into four groups of 8 animals; group I was the control group, group 11 received a single PTZ dose of 50 mg/kg ip, group III received a single palmitone dose of 50 mg/kg ip, and group IV received a palmitone dose of 50 mg/kg ip plus a PTZ dose of 50 mg/kg ip. Ten days after administration, the animals were killed using pentobarbital anesthesia (35 mg/kg). The brains were removed and were embedded in paraffin. Coronal cuts of 7 mu m were obtained from -2.8 to -3.3 from Bregma. Each section was stained with cresyl violet-eosin. We evaluated the number of normal and abnormal neurons in the CA3 hippocampal region in a 10,000 mu m(2) section. It was observed that palmitone did not prevent the PTZ-caused seizure but palmitone prevents the PTZ-caused neuronal damage in the CA3 hippocampal region. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“Alemtuzumab is active in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients refractory to alkylators and fludarabine.

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed t

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess whether symptom change during the first several weeks of treatment was associated with eventual non-response to fluoxetine at the end of the trial.

Results. Eventual non-responders to fluoxetine could be reliably

see more identified by the third week of treatment.

Conclusions. Patients with BN who fail to report a >= 60% decrease in the frequency of binge eating or vomiting at week 3 are unlikely to respond to fluoxetine. As no reliable relationships between pretreatment characteristics and eventual response to pharmacotherapy have been identified for BN, early response is one of the only available indicators to guide clinical management.”
“We reported that cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 expression in human breast cancer stimulated

cancer cell migration and invasiveness, production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and lymphangiogenesis in situ, largely from endogenous PGE2-mediated stimulation of prostaglandin E (EP)1 and EP4 receptors, presenting them as candidate therapeutic targets against lymphatic metastasis. As human breast cancer xenografts in immuno-compromised mice have limitations for preclinical testing, we developed a syngeneic murine breast LY2874455 supplier cancer model of spontaneous lymphatic metastasis mimicking Tideglusib human and applied it for mechanistic and therapeutic studies. We tested the roles of COX-2 and EP receptors in VEGF-C and -D production by a highly metastatic COX-2 expressing murine breast cancer cell line C3L5. These cells expressed all EP

receptors and produced VEGF-C and -D, both inhibited with COX-2 inhibitors or EP4 (but not EP1, EP2 or EP3) antagonists. C3H/HeJ mice, when implanted SC in both inguinal regions with C3L5 cells suspended in growth factor-reduced Matrigel, exhibited rapid tumor growth, tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis (respectively measured with CD31 and LYVE-1 immunostaining), metastasis to the inguinal and axillary lymph nodes and the lungs. Chronic oral administration of COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor indomethacin, COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib and an EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208, but not an EP1 antagonist ONO-8713 at nontoxic doses markedly reduced tumor growth, lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. Residual tumors in responding mice revealed reduced VEGF-C and -D proteins, AkT phosphorylation and increased apoptotic/proliferative cell ratios consistent with blockade of EP4 signaling. We suggest that EP4 antagonists deserve clinical testing for chemo-intervention of lymphatic metastasis in human breast cancer. Laboratory Investigation (2012) 92, 1115-1128; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2012.

In an in vivo study, the fluorescent signal of EGBP-AOC-Cy5 5 tre

In an in vivo study, the fluorescent signal of EGBP-AOC-Cy5.5 treated mouse was mainly detected in the tumor and kidney. eFT-508 Among the three derivatives, EGBP-AOC-Cy5.5 was the optimized optical imaging agent for U87MG EGER positive tumors in the animal model. This study demonstrated the EGBP-Linker-Cy5.5 conjugates may be useful as a potential EGFR target optical probe. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Despite nine decades of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination, tuberculosis continues to be a major global health challenge. Clinical trials worldwide have proved the inadequacy of the BCG vaccine in

preventing the manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. Ironically, the efficacy of

BCG is poorest in tuberculosis endemic areas. Factors such as nontuberculous or environmental mycobacteria and helminth infestation have been suggested to limit the efficacy of BCG. Hence, in high TB-burden countries, see more radically novel strategies of vaccination are urgently required. Here we showcase the properties of lipidated promiscuous peptide vaccines that target and activate cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems by employing a Toll-like receptor-2 agonist, S[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl]cysteine (Pam2Cys). Such a strategy elicits robust protection and enduring memory responses by type 1 T helper cells (Th1). Consequently, lipidated peptides may yield a better vaccine than BCG.”
“Opioid neurotransmission has been implicated in reinforcement-related processes for several drugs of abuse, including opiates, stimulants, and alcohol. However, less is known about its role in the motivational effects of nicotine and nicotine-associated environmental cues.

This study investigated whether pretreatment with naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, alters conditioned incentive salience of nicotine cues under two conditions:

cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking Celecoxib after extinction and cue-maintained responding during extinction. The effect of naltrexone on nicotine self-administration during the maintenance phase was also examined.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in daily 1-h sessions to self-administer nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) on a fixed-ratio 5 schedule and associate a conditioned stimulus (CS) with each nicotine delivery. Once responding was extinguished by saline substitution for nicotine and omission of the CS, the reinstatement tests were conducted following subcutaneous administration of naltrexone (0, 0.25, 1, 2 mg/kg). In separate groups of rats, naltrexone (0, 2 mg/kg) was chronically given before each extinction sessions, where responses on the active lever resulted in presentations of the CS without nicotine infusion (saline substitution). Self-administration/naltrexone tests were conducted in different groups of rats receiving similar nicotine self-administration training.

These findings suggest that meaning construction in the brain is

These findings suggest that meaning construction in the brain is subtly affected by task demands, and that there is complex functional integration between semantic combinatorics and control systems handling behavioral goals. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“There have been a number of studies on tumor-specific glycolipid antigens. In particular, neuroectoderm-derived cancers express characteristic ganglioside antigens, some of them have been used as tumor OICR-9429 chemical structure markers and/or target of immunotherapy. Molecules

in the signaling pathway activated by gangliosides have been analyzed. Here, we reported results on the functions of molecules involved in the signaling pathway to enhance malignant properties of human melanomas under GD3 expression, and emphasized that those molecules including tumor-associated antigens can be targets of therapeutics for malignant melanomas.”
“To evaluate the possibility of an unknown protein to

be a resistant gene against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a different mode of pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC) is proposed Cobimetinib clinical trial to formulate the protein samples by integrating the amino acid composition, as well as the Chaos games representation (CGR) method. Some numerical comparisons of triangle, quadrangle and 12-vertex polygon CGR are carried to evaluate the efficiency of using these fractal figures in classifiers. The numerical results show that among the three polygon methods, triangle method owns a good fractal visualization and performs the best in the classifier construction. By using triangle + 12-vertex polygon CGR as the mathematical feature, the classifier achieves 98.13% in Jackknife test and MCC achieves 0.8462. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A large number of human diseases are caused by expansion of repeat sequences typically trinucleotide repeats within the respective disease genes. The abnormally expanded sequence can lead to a variety of effects on the gene: sometimes the gene is silenced, Fossariinae but in many cases the expanded repeat sequences confer toxicity to the mRNA and, in the case of polyglutamine diseases, to

the encoded protein. This article highlights mechanisms by which the mRNAs with abnormally expanded repeats can confer toxicity leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Greater understanding of these mechanisms will provide the foundation for therapeutic advances for this set of human disorders.”
“By employing proteomics analysis tool, we examined the effects of GD3 synthase expression on the differentiation properties of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-derived leukemia cells K562. Forced expression of GD3 synthase induced erythroid differentiation as determined by an increase in glycophorin A expression and synthesis of hemoglobins. The proteomic analysis revealed that 15 proteins were increased by GD3 synthase.

In contrast, they were in the region dorsal to the isolectin B4-l

In contrast, they were in the region dorsal to the isolectin B4-labeled region after injections of SLIGRL-NH2 and mosquito allergen. These results suggest that allergic itch signal is mediated by primary afferents expressing protease-activated receptor-2

and the neurons receiving signals of protease-associated itch and allergy-associated itch are different from those of histamine-induced itch.”
“To address whether the passive observation of walking would induce an increase in motor cortical excitability, we examined the responses of motor-evoked potential elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles as the participants observed naturally performed walking. Motor-evoked GW-572016 ic50 HKI 272 potentials in these muscles were significantly increased during the observation of walking throughout the entire step-cycle periods, but not during specific step periods. These findings indicate that cortical excitability can be increased not only during the observation of voluntary hand/arm movements, but also during the observation of automatic movements such as walking. It is also suggested that the present results may reflect the increased cortical excitability during the entire walking cycle.”
“This study for the first time demonstrates early developmental changes of passive/active membrane properties, and long-term potentiation (LTP)

of excitatory synaptic transmission at spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis Meloxicam (Vc)-to-oralis (Vo) synapses. During postnatal development, the probability of Vo neurons with monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) upon Vc stimulation significantly

increased, whereas the input resistances of Vo neurons and the latencies of monosynaptic EPSCs significantly decreased. Application of a ‘pairing’ protocol that comprises 2 Hz-conditioning stimulation of Vc with postsynaptic depolarization of Vo neuron to + 30mV generated LTP of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor-mediated monosynaptic EPSC amplitude in more than 70% of Vo neurons. The induction of LTP required the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, but its magnitudes had correlation neither with postnatal ages nor with baseline EPSC amplitudes.”
“A novel line of mutant mice [monoamine oxidase A knockout (MAOA(A863T) KO)] harboring a spontaneous point nonsense mutation in exon 8 of the MAO A gene was serendipitously identified in a 129/SvEvTac colony. This mutation is analogous to the cause of a rare human disorder, Brunner syndrome, characterized by complete MAO A deficiency and impulsive aggressiveness. Concurrent with previous studies of MAO A KO mice generated by insertional mutagenesis (‘Tg8′), MAOA(A863T) KO lack MAO A enzyme activity and display enhanced aggression toward intruder mice.

We posit that tool features are relatively arbitrary, placing gre

We posit that tool features are relatively arbitrary, placing greater demands on memory, while prior knowledge about animals such as constraints on appearance and feature diagnosticity facilitates the assimilation of novel animals into semantic memory. The results suggest that categorization processes are Selleckchem Copanlisib sensitive to category content, which influences

AD patients’ success at acquiring a new category. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in non-human primates is on the increase. It is known that the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal varies not only as a function of local neuronal energy consumption but also as a function of cardiac and respiratory activity. We mapped these cyclic cardiac and respiratory artifacts in anesthetized macaque monkeys and present an objective analysis of their impact on estimates of

functional connectivity (fcMRI). Voxels with significant cardiac and respiratory artifacts were found in much the same regions as previously reported for buy Vistusertib awake humans. We show two example seeds where removing the artifacts clearly decreased the number of false positive and false negative correlations. In particular, removing the artifacts reduced correlations in the so-called resting state network. Temporal bandpass filtering or spatial smoothing may help to reduce the effects of artifacts in some cases but are not an adequate replacement for an algorithm that explicitly models and removes cyclic cardiac and respiratory artifacts.

(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We examined eye movements in a patient, FK, who has action disorganisation syndrome (ADS), as he performed the everyday task of making a cup of tea. We compared his eye movements with those of a person with Alzheimer’s disease and with healthy volunteers. Despite showing very disorganised behaviour many aspects of FK’s eye movements were relatively normal. However, unlike normal participants FK made no advance glances to objects that were about to be used, and he made increased numbers of fixations to irrelevant objects during the task. There were also differences in the durations of his eye movements during correct actions and Doxacurium chloride during his perseverative and task-addition responses. We discuss the implications for understanding ADS and the cognitive processes required for correctly performing everyday tasks. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with impairments in facial emotion recognition as well as visual and executive dysfunction. We investigated whether facial emotion categorization impairments in PD are attributable to visual scanning abnormalities by recording the eye movements of 16 non-demented PD and 20 healthy control (HC) participants during an emotion recognition task.

Testosterone administration in rats is a suitable tool for invest

Testosterone administration in rats is a suitable tool for investigating hormone dependent benign buy ARRY-162 prostatic hyperplasia. We performed a comparison experiment between Serenoa repens and the lycopene-Se-Serenoa repens combination on prostate growth induced in rats by testosterone administration.

Materials and Methods: Rats were treated daily with testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg subcutaneously) or its vehicle for 14 days. Testosterone administered animals were randomized to receive vehicle, Serenoa repens (25 mg/kg subcutaneously)

or the combination of lycopene (3 mg/kg subcutaneously), Se (3 mg/kg subcutaneously) and Serenoa repens for 14 days. The rats were sacrificed and

the prostate was removed for analysis.

Results: Lycopene-Se-Serenoa repens was more effective than Serenoa repens alone for decreasing prostate weight and hyperplasia, augmenting pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-9, and blunting anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA. Lycopene-Se-Serenoa repens also markedly decreased epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression.

Conclusions: The data indicate that the Evofosfamide manufacturer lycopene-Se-Serenoa repens combination is superior to Serenoa repens alone for decreasing hormone dependent prostatic growth.”
“Recent studies have shown that PLA2G6 is a causative gene for PARK14-linked autosomal recessive early-onset complicated dystonia-parkinsonism, early-onset parkinsonism with frontotemporal dementia and autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinsonism without added complicated clinical features. In order to investigate the characteristics of PLA2G6 gene mutations in Chinese Methocarbamol sporadic early-onset parkinsonism (FOP) patients, we performed polymerase chain reaction

and DNA direct sequencing on a cohort of sporadic EOP patients from Chinese population. In this study, we found a novel heterozygous varient (p.G679V). Bioinformatics demonstrates that p.G679V exhibits highly conserved residues across species, which hints it might be a pathogenic mutation. Our result indicated that PLA2G6 mutations might not be a main cause of Chinese sporadic EOP. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: To test if the covariance of hypothalamus-oituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and subjective-psycho logical responses to stress is dependent on different dynamics of these systems. Although stress theories typically assume substantial correlations of psychological and endocrine stress responses, studies have produced inconsistent results. One reason for this might be imperfect coupling of the different stress response systems. However, inconsistent correlations might also be a result of different on-/offsets of these stress responses, i.e., specific dynamics of the systems.

Further, the number of neurons with EX-type response was higher i

Further, the number of neurons with EX-type response was higher in the PCP-treated mice than in the saline-treated mice. Finally, the attenuation of an auditory-evoked potential component, N40, to the second click (sensory gating) was blunted in the PCP-treated mice when compared with that in the saline-treated mice. These results suggest that the neonatal administration of PCP induced a deficit of inhibitory interneurons and altered discharge activity of neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region to the paired clicks, thereby inducing the deficit in sensory gating. (C) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A reduction of either blood pressure or glycemia

decreases some selleck screening library microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, and we studied here their combined effects. In total, 4733 older adults with established type 2 diabetes and hypertension were randomly assigned to intensive (systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg) or standard (systolic blood pressure less than

140 mm Hg) blood pressure control, and separately to intensive (HbA1c less than 0.060) or standard (HbA1c EPZ-6438 order 0.070-0.079) glycemic control. Prespecified microvascular outcomes were a composite of renal failure and retinopathy and nine single outcomes. Proportional hazard regression models were used without correction for type I error due to multiple tests. During a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, the primary outcome occurred in 11.4% of intensive and 10.9% of standard blood pressure patients (hazard ratio 1.08), and in Plasmin 11.1% of intensive and 11.2% of standard glycemia control patients. Intensive blood pressure control only reduced the incidence of microalbuminuria (hazard ratio 0.84), and intensive glycemic

control reduced the incidence of macroalbuminuria and a few other microvascular outcomes. There was no interaction between blood pressure and glycemic control, and neither treatment prevented renal failure. Thus, in older patients with established type 2 diabetes and hypertension, intensive blood pressure control improved only 1 of 10 prespecified microvascular outcomes. None of the outcomes were significantly reduced by simultaneous intensive treatment of glycemia and blood pressure, signifying the lack of an additional beneficial effect from combined treatment. Kidney International (2012) 81, 586-594; doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.415; published online 14 December 2011″
“We understand this review as an attempt to summarize recent advances in the understanding of cholinergic function in cognition. Such a role has been highlighted in the 1970s by the discovery that dementia patients have greatly reduced cholinergic activity in cortex and hippocampus. A brief anatomical description of the major cholinergic pathways focuses on the basal forebrain and its projections to cortex and hippocampus.

We developed a social learning model to investigate the mechanism

We developed a social learning model to investigate the mechanism and evolutionary forces that underlie a fission-fusion society. In particular, we focused on the day-roost choices of bat individuals because bat societies represent one of the most sophisticated fission-fusion systems. The assumptions of the study were as follows. Each individual selects a single day-roost to use, and forms a roosting group with roost mates. Bats randomly choose a roost to visit in order to inspect its quality. Inspection is not always accurate, i.e., it includes some error. After inspection, bats return to the current day-roost and share the new information with roost mates.

Each bat estimates the quality of each potential roost by social learning and chooses which one to use based on the relative value of expected roost quality. The size distribution of sub-colonies is determined by this choice behavior.

RGFP966 solubility dmso Three roost-switching behaviors (settlement, synchronized movement, and fission-fusion grouping) were predicted depending on two factors (the level of difficulty of evaluating roost quality and the capacity to remember roost quality information). Settlement behavior, in which most bats remain in the best roost, led to the highest fitness because the accuracy of estimating roost quality was improved when bats exchanged information with members in a large group. However, when disease transmission was combined with learning dynamics, the cost of infection significantly increased under both settlement and synchronized Entospletinib mouse movement behaviors, and eventually fission-fusion

behavior led to the highest fitness. These results highlight two conflicting factors: learning in a large group improves information accuracy, but living in a small group effectively reduces the risk of spreading disease. Dynamic change of group size by fission-fusion can resolve the dilemma between these two conflicting factors. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We examined the Rho cardiovascular physiology of guilt and pride to elucidate physiological substrates underpinning the behavioral motivations of these moral emotions. Although both emotions motivate prosocial behavior, guilt typically inhibits ongoing behavior, whereas pride reinforces current behavior. To succeed in eliciting real emotions, we used a novel social interaction task. We found dissociable sympathetic activation during guilt and pride; specifically, Guilt participants experienced prolonged cardiac sympathetic arousal as measured by preejection period (PEP), whereas Pride participants experienced transient non-cardiac somatic arousal and a shift to low frequency (LF) power in the cardiac spectrogram. This dissociation supports their distinctive motivational functions. Higher self-reported Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity was furthermore uniquely associated with guilt, supporting its function as a punishment cue.

RESULTS

Of the 337 women who underwent randomization,

RESULTS

Of the 337 women who underwent randomization, 327 (97%) completed follow-up at 1 year. At 3 months, the rate of urinary incontinence (or treatment) was 23.6% in the sling group and 49.4% in the sham group (P < 0.001). At 12 months, urinary incontinence

(allowing for subsequent treatment of incontinence) was present in 27.3% and 43.0% of patients in the sling and sham groups, respectively (P = 0.002). The number needed to treat with a sling to prevent one case of urinary incontinence at 12 months was 6.3. The rate of bladder perforation was higher in the sling group than in the sham group (6.7% vs. 0%), as were rates of urinary tract infection (31.0% vs. 18.3%), major bleeding complications (3.1% vs. 0%), and incomplete bladder emptying 6 weeks after surgery (3.7% vs. 0%) (P <= 0.05 for all comparisons).

CONCLUSIONS

A eFT508 prophylactic midurethral sling inserted during vaginal prolapse selleck chemicals llc surgery resulted in a lower rate of urinary incontinence at 3 and 12 months but higher rates

of adverse events. (Funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women’s Health; OPUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00460434.)”
“Previous functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia and those with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) show reduced laterality, or relative right hemispheric dominance, during the performance of cognitive activation tasks; however, neuroimaging studies looking at non-clinical schizotypy have been few. We have recently reported that schizotypal traits at a non-clinical level are associated with right prefrontal dominance during a letter version of the verbal

fluency task (VFT). but it is unknown whether such relationship between schizotypy and functional laterality would be observed across various cognitive tasks. Here we examined the relationships of schizotypal traits as Buspirone HCl measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in healthy adults with hemispheric lateralization of prefrontal activation during letter and category VFTs, using near-infrared spectroscopy. Thirty-two participants were divided into high- (n = 16) and low- (n = 16) SPQ groups by the median split of the total SPQ score. The high-SPQ group, but not low-SPQ group, showed significantly right-greater-than-left asymmetry of prefrontal activation during letter VFT, whereas such pronounced hemispheric asymmetry in relation to schizotypy was not found during category VFT. These results indicate that non-clinical schizotypy is related to right prefrontal preference during the letter version of VFT in particular, suggesting that the association between schizotypal traits and functional laterality may vary depending on cognitive activation tasks. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The nucleus is a spatially organized compartment.