Methods: Two systematic reviews were conducted through searches of the Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cinahl databases prior to January 2010.

Results: In the first review, only 2 out of 581 references pertaining to physical activity in the defined populations provided a conceptual framework of physical activity in COPD patients. In the second PR171 review, out of 103 studies developing PROs to measure physical activity or related constructs, none were based on a conceptual framework

of physical activity.

Conclusions: These findings raise concerns about how the large body of evidence from studies that use physical activity PRO instruments should be evaluated by health care providers, guideline developers, and regulatory agencies.”
“Objective

To compare and contrast the 100% partial rapid review (RR) method against 10% randomly selected full rescreening to determine the better means of internal quality control (QC) by which the cervical screening laboratory should adopt.

Study Design

A total of 4,150 conventional Pap smears reported as negative during 2003 were

100% rescreened rapidly in large field jumps. Stattic chemical structure From this cohort, 415 (10%) were selected again randomly for full rescreening. The false ne negative rates (FNRs) were calculated and compared accordingly.

Results

The 100% RR method reclassified 30 false negative (FA) cases, while the 10% random full rescreening reclassified only 5. The FNRs were calculated to be 8.2% and 12.9%,, respectively. A chi(2) test (p < 0.05) showed significant difference between the FNRs calculated by both methods.

Conclusion

The 100% RR proved to be a better method for QC purpose in reducing the FNRs and detected more missing cases. This study is the first of its type from Hong Kong and confirms previous publications from elsewhere that 100% RR is a better metbod for internal QC in cervical cytology screening. (Acta Cytol 2009,53:271-276)”
“PURPOSE: To evaluate refractive results with a low-cylinder-power toric intraocular lens (IOL) and the

effect of preoperative selleck compound corneal astigmatism orientation on results.

SETTING: Private practice, Jackson, Michigan, USA.

DESIGN: Comparative case series.

METHODS: This retrospective review of clinical records comprised patients with 0.75 to 1.38 diopters (D) of preoperative corneal astigmatism who had uneventful cataract surgery and AcrySof T3 toric or AcrySof 110 spherical monofocal IOL implantation. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was calculated for eyes with postoperative keratometry results. Postoperative refractive astigmatism between groups and subgroups was compared based on the orientation of preoperative corneal astigmatism.

RESULTS: Of the eyes, 185 had a toric IOL and 138 had a spherical IOL. The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was 1.

clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00706745. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 175-83.”
“Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a noninvasive treatment that destroys cancer cells by heating a ferrofluid-impregnated malignant tissue with an ac magnetic field while causing minimal selleck chemical damage to the surrounding healthy tissue. The strength

of the magnetic field must be sufficient to induce hyperthermia but it is also limited by the human ability to safely withstand it. The ferrofluid material used for hyperthermia should be one that is readily produced and is nontoxic while providing sufficient heating. We examine six materials that have been considered as candidates for MFH use. Examining the heating produced by nanoparticles of these materials, barium-ferrite

and cobalt-ferrite are unable to produce sufficient MFH heating, that from iron-cobalt occurs at a far too rapid rate to be safe, while fcc iron-platinum, magnetite, and maghemite are all capable of producing stable controlled heating. We simulate the heating of ferrofluid-loaded tumors containing nanoparticles of the latter three materials to determine their effects on tumor tissue. These materials are viable MFH candidates since they can produce significant heating at the tumor center yet maintain Selleckchem VX 770 the surrounding healthy tissue interface at a relatively safe temperature. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3500337]“
“A dipstick test is recommended to screen for urinary tract infection in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). It was the aim of this study to test if a dipstick test is sufficient to identify patients with urinary tract infection attending a urological private practice because of OAB.

All patients who attended the practice because of OAB symptoms were routinely catheterized; a urine specimen was tested with dipstick, the spun sediment was examined microscopically, and the specimen was sent for microbiological

examination.

Two thousand two hundred fifty-two patients were examined. Of 1,754 patients with negative dipstick screening, 353 patients (20.1%) had growth of a parts per thousand yen10(3) colony forming units. The dipstick test had a sensitivity of 0.442 and a specificity of 0.865 for the correct identification I-BET-762 purchase of urinary tract infection.

Dipstick screening is not sufficient to identify patients with urinary tract infection and symptoms of OAB.”
“Background: Large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified 12 genetic loci that are robustly associated with body mass index (BMI).

Objectives: We examined associations and compared effect sizes of these newly identified obesity susceptibility loci with various anthropometric traits and assessed their cumulative effects and predictive value for obesity risk.

Design: We genotyped 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from each locus in 20,431 individuals (age: 39-79 y) from the population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort.

The sample Gd(0.41)Fe(1.48)Co(2.52)Sb(12) has a lattice thermal conductivity as low as 1.1 W m(-1) K(-1)

at room temperature, and its figure of merit (ZT) reaches a maximum value of 0.83 at 700 K. At high temperature, thermal conductivity shows significant increase due to bipolar diffusion, which obstructs obtaining higher ZT. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3533743]“
“Background: Disturbed apolipoprotein (apo) C-III metabolism in obese subjects may account for hypertriglyceridemia and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Atorvastatin and fish oils decrease plasma triglycerides and VLDL concentrations, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.

Objective: We studied the independent and combined effects of atorvastatin click here and fish oils on the metabolism of VLDL apo C-III in obese men.

Design: We carried out a 6-wk randomized, placebo-controlled,

2 x 2 factorial intervention study of atorvastatin (40 mg/d) and fish oils (4 g/d) on VLDL apo C-III kinetics in the postabsorptive state in 39 abdominally obese men using intravenous administration of D(3)-leucine. VLDL apo C-III isotopic enrichments were measured by using gas chromatography-mass find more spectrometry with kinetic parameters derived by using a multicompartmental model.

Results: Atorvastatin significantly (P < 0.05, main effect) increased the VLDL apo C-III fractional catabolic rate (+0.06 +/- 0.003 pools/d) without significantly altering its production rate (-0.14 +/- 0.18 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1)), accounting for a significant reduction in plasma VLDL apo C-III pool size (-44 +/- 17 mg/L). Fish-oil supplementation significantly decreased plasma triglycerides but did not significantly alter plasma VLDL apo C-III concentrations or kinetic parameters. Combination treatment provided no additional effect on VLDL apo C-III concentrations

or kinetics GSK923295 concentration compared with atorvastatin alone.

Conclusions: In obesity, the triglyceride-lowering effect of atorvastatin, but not fish oils, is associated with increased VLDL apo C-III fractional catabolism and hence lower VLDL apo C-III concentrations. Combination treatment provided no significant additional improvement in VLDL apo C-III metabolism compared with atorvastatin alone. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 900-6.”
“Background and aims: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adolescents in the Balearic Islands, in the western Mediterranean Sea.

Methods and results: A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands (2007-2008). A random sample (n = 362, 143 boys and 219 girls) of the adolescent population (12-17 years) was interviewed, anthropometrically measured, and provided a fasting blood sample. The MetS prevalence was determined by the ATP III criteria adapted for youths.

(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;242:807-811)”
“Vascular

endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent peptide with well-documented pro-angiogenic effects. Recently, it has also become clear that exogenous administration of VEGF is neuroprotective in animal models of central nervous system diseases. In the present study, VEGF was incorporated into a sustained release hydrogel delivery system to examine its potential benefits in a rat model of Huntington’s disease (HD). The VEGF-containing hydrogel was stereotaxically LB-100 cost injected into the striatum of adult rats. Three days later, quinolinic acid (QA; 225 nmol) was injected into the ipsilateral striatum to produce neuronal loss and behavioral deficits that mimic those observed in HD. Two weeks after surgery, animals were tested for motor function using the placement and cylinder tests. Control animals received either QA alone or QA plus empty hydrogel implants. Behavioral testing confirmed that the QA lesion resulted in significant deficits in the ability of the control animals to use their contralateral forelimb. In contrast, the performance of those animals receiving VEGF was significantly improved relative to controls with only modest motor impairments observed. Stereological

counts of NeuN-positive neurons Cilengitide purchase throughout the striatum demonstrated that VEGF implants significantly protected against the loss of striatal neurons induced by QA. These data are the first to demonstrate that VEGF can be used to protect striatal neurons from excitotoxic damage in a rat model of HD.”
“The filoviruses Ebola and Marburg are zoonotic agents that are classified as both biosafety level 4 and category A list pathogens. These viruses are pathogenic in humans and cause isolated infections or epidemics of viral hemorrhagic fever,

mainly in Central Africa. Their natural reservoir has not been definitely identified, but certain species of African bat have been associated with Ebola and Marburg infections. Currently, there are no licensed options available for either treatment or prophylaxis. Different animal models have been developed for filoviruses including mouse, guinea pig and nonhuman primates. The ‘gold standard’ Lonafarnib manufacturer animal models for pathogenesis, treatment and vaccine studies are rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. This article provides a brief overview of the clinical picture and the pathology/pathogenesis of human filovirus infections. The current animal model options are discussed and compared with regard to their value in different applications. In general, the small animal models, in particular the mouse, are the most feasible for high biocontainment facilities and they offer the most options for research owing to the greater availability of immunologic and genetic tools. However, their mimicry of the human diseases as well as their predictive value for therapeutic efficacy in primates is limited, thereby making them, at best, valuable initial screening tools for pathophysiology, treatment and vaccine studies.

Here we monitored the survival, physiology, and behavior of translocated African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and compared these measures to the local resident population at the release site. Adult male and female translocated elephants’ death rates were higher than those of the local population. Furthermore, the mortality rate of translocated adult males and calves was greater than expected based on their proportion in the translocated

elephant population. No difference was found in stress hormone levels between the two populations, but the body condition of the translocated elephants was significantly poorer than that of the local population throughout the study period. The behavioral time budgets of the translocated elephants converged with those of the local population over time. Finally, translocated elephants utilized habitat that was similar to their source site (hills and permanent rivers) more than did the local population. Metabolism inhibitor Based on these findings we recommend careful consideration of timing, release location, and individuals targeted in future elephant translocations. More broadly, we introduce and explore seldom used translocation assessment techniques. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective. A square face along

with a variety of facial features is considered to be unappealing in the East Asian population. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the facial features and selleck chemicals llc the various operative techniques available for surgical correction of a squar jaw via the intraoral approach.

Study design. All surgical procedures were performed via the intraoral approach. Surgical approaches such as curved mandibular ostectomy, outer cortex splitting ostectomy, “”V-Line”" ostectomy, and modified

genioplasty were performed according to the different types of facial characteristics. All the patients had standard frontal and lateral cephalometric radiographs and panoramic radiographs, and were photographed preoperatively and postoperatively to assess their facial contour.

Results. The width of the lower face caused by prominence of the mandibular angle was effectively corrected, resulting in improved facial contours. Limitation of mouth opening was seen immediately postsurgically but PARP inhibitor trial returned to normal following a period of mouth-opening exercises. Serious complications, such as facial nerve injury or fracture, were not witnessed in our study.

Conclusion. Mandibuloplasty is an effective and a safe method for the treatment of a prominent mandibular angle. The selection of surgery should be based on the type of square jaw. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;111:428-434)”
“The aim of present study was to compare pelvic floor morphology and function in women with and without major defects of the pubovisceral muscle.

One hundred fifty-seven women with pelvic organ prolapse participated in this cross-sectional study.

(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Two new triterpenoids, ursa-12-sene-3,11-diol 3-O-palmitate (1) and ursa-12-sene-1,3,11-triol 3-O-palmitate (2), were isolated from the 70% aqueous acetone extract of the aerial parts of Viburnum betulifolium, together with

the artificial diene derivative of 2, ursa-12-dien-1,3-diol 3-O-palmitate (2a). Their structures were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS.”
“Sphingomyelin AG-881 nmr phosphodiesterase 3 (Smpd3) encodes a membrane-bound enzyme that cleaves sphingomyelin to generate several bioactive metabolites. A recessive mutation called fragilitas ossium (fro) in the Smpd3 gene leads to impaired mineralization of bone and tooth extracellular matrix (ECM) in fro/fro mice. In teeth from fro/fro mice at various neonatal ages, radiography and light and electron microscopy showed delayed mantle dentin mineralization and a consequent delay in enamel formation as compared with that in control +/fro mice. These tooth abnormalities progressively improved with time. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of SMPD3 by dentin-forming odontoblasts. SMPD3 deficiency, however, did not affect the differentiation of these cells, as shown by osterix and dentin sialophosphoprotein expression. Using

a transgenic mouse rescue model (fro/fro; Col1a1-Smpd3) in which Smpd3 expression is driven by a murine Col1a1 promoter fragment active in osteoblasts and odontoblasts, selleck kinase inhibitor ARS-1620 we demonstrate a complete correction of the tooth mineralization delays. In conclusion, analysis of these data demonstrates that Smpd3 expression in odontoblasts is required for tooth mineralization.”
“Heavy rainfall events, increasing in frequency and intensity with climate change, impact on the quality of the water resource used for drinking-water production. Small-scale water suppliers are particularly sensitive because of their management and the related difficulties

of adapting treatment to variations. Decision-support systems, based on monitoring and analytical tools, need to be developed to improve crisis-management procedures related to such events. After presenting the issues related to heavy rainfall events, the article summarizes the tools currently used for quality control of drinking water within this framework, the need for developments and other requirements. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“To study the chemical composition of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans, various chromatographic methods were used in the isolation procedures and the structures of isolated compounds were determined based on NMR and MS analysis. As a result, two new compounds were isolated from its ethanolic extract and characterized as N-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-methylurea (1) and 19-oxocinobufotalin 3-adipoylarginine ester (2), together with 11 known compounds.

Nucleus fragmentation was by the phaco-chop and quick-chop methods. Primary outcome measures were phaco time, mean find more phaco power, mean torsional amplitude, and aspiration time. Total energy,

defined as cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) x aspiration time, and the effective coefficient, defined as aspiration time/phaco time, were also calculated.

RESULTS: Four hundred eyes were evaluated. The CDE was statistically significantly lower in the torsional mode for nucleus grades I, II, and III (P<.001) but not for grade IV (P>.05). Aspiration time was statistically significantly shorter in the torsional mode than in the longitudinal mode for nucleus grades III and IV (P<.05). Total energy was significantly lower in the torsional mode for all nucleus densities (P<.05). The effective coefficient was significantly lower in the longitudinal mode except for nucleus grade I (P<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Torsional phacoemulsification was more effective than longitudinal

phacoemulsification in the amount of applied fluid and the quantity of US energy expended. With the torsional method, it was possible to maintain a constant ratio of amount of fluid flow to quantity of US energy used, regardless of nucleus density.”
“Cupric iodide is a p-type semiconductor and has a large band gap. Doping of Mn, Co, and Ni are found to make gamma-CuI ferromagnetic ground state, while Cr-doped and Fe-doped CuI systems are stabilized in antiferromagnetic configurations. The origins of the magnetic ordering are demonstrated successfully by the phenomenological learn more band coupling model based on d-d level repulsions between the dopant ions. Furthermore, using a molecular-orbital bonding model, the electronic structures of the doped CuI are well understood. According to Heisenberg model, high-T(C) may be expected for CuI:Mn and CuI:Ni if there are no native defects or other impurities. selleck (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3471802]“
“The increasing rate of failed

trails found in mood and anxiety disorders is now being seen in Alzheimer’s studies. Factors related to the administration of clinician rating scales, such as poor inter-rater reliability, poor interview quality and rater bias may be a contributing factor. Studies have found inter-rater reliability to be problematic in Alzheimer’s studies, even with less subjective outcome measures. Lack of standardization of administration and scoring procedures has been identified as a major contributing factor. Remediation through better training procedures has been found to be successful, although ongoing calibration is needed to prevent rater drift. Expectancy bias and baseline score inflation is more difficult to remediate. Inflation of baseline scores increases placebo response, since lower severity has been found to be associated with higher placebo response.

The use of microwave heating for date fruits and conventional hot air treatments for cocoa beans is recommended. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The processing of cross-linked polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN), which has a triazine rings structure, has been investigated under different reaction times and temperatures. In this study, the PEN films prepared by the tape-casting formed the thermally

stable triazine rings by catalytic cross-linking reaction gradually, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical cross-linking reaction occurred as the CN group absorption of PEN at 2221 Volasertib concentration cm(-1) decreased and a new absorption peak, at 1682 cm(-1), was observed, and the absorption peak intensity would be progressively larger, with the extension of the processing time. After the formation of cross-linking networks, the cross-linking

degree and thermal and mechanical properties of the processed films were improved substantially, compared with the untreated films. The film with added ZnCl2 as the catalyst was more rapidly cross-linked, and its properties were better than that without catalyst at the same treatment conditions. The glass-transition temperature (T-g) of PEN films processed at 350 degrees C for 4 h (213.65 degrees C) was higher than that of PEN films before the treatment (161 degrees C), and Elacridar inhibitor the tensile strength was also improved significantly. The PEN was processed at 350 degrees C for 2 h, whose initial decomposition temperature increases by about 10 degrees C, compared with that of

untreated film, at one time. The rheology HKI-272 in vivo behavior of the cross-linked films was processed on dynamic rheometer to monitor and track the process of polymer cross-linking reaction. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 1822-1828, 2011″
“Chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is characterized by the presence of extra-hippocampal brain abnormality and cognitive impairment in both memory and nonmemory domains. However, the link between structural integrity and cognition has not frequently been studied. Forty-six patients with TLE and 61 age-matched controls were studied to determine the predictive relationship between baseline thalamic volume and performance on measures of executive functioning evaluated 4 years later. As expected, the TLE group had lower baseline thalamic volumes than controls and also performed more poorly on measures of executive functioning. Total thalamic volume significantly predicted subsequent performance on all three measures of executive functioning. These findings were maintained when both hippocampal volume and frontal lobe volume were taken into account. These findings add to a growing literature demonstrating a link between extra-hippocampal volume abnormalities and cognitive functioning in TLE. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc.

A total of 48,126 persons were screened in this program. Hematological analyses and electrophoresis were done to identify carriers. The prevalence of beta-thalassemia trait and of sickle cell anemia trait, which were 2.1% and 0.5% in Turkey, were found to be 2.8% and 0.4%, respectively, in our study. Of the carriers of the beta-thalassemia trait, 82% had high

hemoglobin A(2), 34% had high hemoglobin F, and 18% had both high hemoglobin F and hemoglobin SB525334 supplier A(2). beta-Thalassemia trait in Kahramanmaras is slightly higher than the average rate in Turkey. However, sickle cell anemia trait is similar to Turkey’s averages.”
“Objective: Several studies have associated urachal carcinoma with a poor prognosis, because the disease tends to be detected later as the patient is asymptomatic, there are few therapeutic options, and it has a high local recurrence rate. We review our experience with urachal carcinoma and discuss the role of surgical management and chemotherapeutic options. Patients and Methods: We reviewed CT99021 cell line the records of 10 cases with urachal carcinoma evaluated at Keio University Hospital from 1998 to 2009, and examine the surgical and chemotherapeutic options in the management of urachal carcinoma. Results: Median age was 55.0 years. Applying the TNM staging system, 1 case was in stage I, 4 cases in stage

II, 4 cases in stage III, and 1 case was in stage IV. Nine cases were managed initially with surgery; 5 by partial cystectomy and 4 by total cystectomy. The median follow-up period was 3.5 years and the survival rate at 2 years was 87.5%. Six of the resected cases remain disease-free. Salvage chemotherapy was performed in 3 cases, and adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 2 cases. Conclusions: We had 10 cases with urachal carcinoma. While there is still no standard chemotherapy combination, CPT-11 plus TS-1 produced stable disease in 1 case. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Thin 3-MA ic50 films (submonolayer) obtained by deposition of size-selected CoPt clusters on graphite surface have been synthesized. The preformed clusters

can easily diffuse on the surface and gather to form “”islands”" or “”bunches”" of clusters. By changing the cluster size (in the range of 1.8 to 5.8 nm in diameter), very different morphologies can be obtained, going from large ramified islands to bunches of noncontacting clusters having the size of the initially deposited particles. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3569853]“
“Hereditary folate malabsorption (HFM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by systemic and central nervous system folate deficiency. Turkish siblings are reported with the clinical syndrome of HFM, homozygous for deletion of 2 bases (c.204_205 delCC) within the first exon of the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) gene, causing a frameshift. Low blood and cerebrospinal fluid folate levels were detected at ages 3.

The present study is scheduled to investigate the effect of intrahippocampal (IH) injection of different doses of leptin on spatial memory formation. 40 male rats were divided into 4 groups in our experiment: (1) sham (saline treated animals), and (2), (3), (4) intrahippocampal injection of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mu g doses of leptin respectively. All groups were trained in Morris water maze for two consecutive days. Learning parameters were compared among groups.

Our results showed, there were significant differences of learning parameters between sham group and test groups in spatial learning. Lower dose of leptin improved spatial learning better than high dose. In conclusion, our findings indicate that leptin in the hippocampus is involved in memory processing in rat and suggests also Selleck Z VAD FMK that low levels of

leptin may perform better.”
“Block copolymerization of plural types of monomers offers a new opportunity for the preparation of a variety of multifunctional polymers. Poly(4-diphenylaminostyrene) (PDAS)-poly(9-vinylanthracene) (PVAN) binary block copolymer (PDAS-PVAN) was synthesized by (living) anionic polymerization using the benzyllithium/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine PSI-7977 system. The photoluminescence emission of PDAS-PVAN was enhanced by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer from PDAS block to PVAN block in PDAS-PVAN. The hole drift mobility of the copolymer was controllable by the amount of triphenylamino groups in the polymer chain. The Selleckchem Dorsomorphin optical and electrical properties of PDAS-PVAN were adjustable through the polymer chain structure. (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 69-73, 2010″
“A detailed model of plasma dynamics, which self-consistently integrates plasma-kinetic,

Navier-Stokes, electron heat conduction, and electron-vibration energy transfer equations, is used to quantify the limitations on the lifetime of microwave plasma waveguides induced in the atmosphere through filamentation with high-intensity ultrashort laser pulses further sustained by long laser pulses. We demonstrate that a near-infrared or midinfrared laser pulse can tailor plasma decay in the wake of a filament, efficiently suppressing, through electron temperature increase, the attachment of electrons to neutral species and dissociative recombination, thus substantially increasing the plasma-guide lifetime and facilitating long-distance transmission of microwaves. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3457150]“
“Incidence of adverse drug reactions [ADRs] leads to many conflicting discussions about patients safety in many countries. It has been shown that ADRs are more frequent in outpatient department rather than indoors. We wanted to find out if there is similar situation in Morocco as well. Due to lack of National data we investigated the incidence of ADRs in patients of teaching hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat.