However, E(2) may also have antiseizure effects, perhaps in part through its enhancement of the formation of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP, which has GABA(A)/benzodiazepine receptor agonist-like actions. To test this hypothesis, male and female, castrated PCI-34051 chemical structure or ovariectomized, wild-type and 5 alpha-reductase knockout mice were implanted with Silastic capsules of E(2) or vehicle and then administered pentylenetetrazol (85 mg/kg, ip). Wild-type, but not 5 alpha-reductase knockout, mice administered E(2) had significantly

longer latencies to myoclonus and increased levels of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP in the hippocampus. Thus, some of the anticonvulsive effects of E(2) may involve formation of 3 alpha,5 alpha-THP in the hippocampus. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“We report a case of infective endocarditis due to vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). This was treated with a combination of intravenous linezolid and fusidic acid. Cure was achieved without surgical intervention. (C) 2009 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“After polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether (PGPE) and glycerol polyglycidyl ether (GPE) were mixed with tannic acid (TA) in ethanol and without solvent at epoxy/hydroxyl ratio 1/1, the obtained GPE-TA and PGPE-TA solutions were mixed with wood flour (WF), prepolymerized at 50 degrees C, and subsequently compressed

at 160 degrees C for 3 h to give GPE-TA/WF and PGPE-TA/WF biocomposites with WF content find more 50-70 wt %, respectively. The storage moduli of the biocomposites in the rubbery

state at more than 80 degrees C were much higher than that of the control cured resins. The PGPE-TA/WF composites had higher tensile modulus and rather lower tensile strength than PGPE-TA. On the other hand, both the tensile modulus and strength of GPE-TA/WF were much higher than those of GPE-TA (2.4 GPa and 37 MPa). Those values of GPE-TA/WF increased with WF content, became maximal values (5.1 GPa and 51 MPa) at WF content 60 wt %, and were lowered at 70 wt %. FE-SEM analysis of the fractured surface of the biocomposites revealed that WF is tightly incorporated into the crosslinked epoxy resins. As a result of optimization SB273005 mouse of the epoxy/hydroxyl molar ratio for GPE-TA/WF composite with WF content 60 wt %, the composite prepared at the ratio of 1.0/0.8 showed the highest tensile modulus and strength. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 118: 2998-3004, 2010″
“The inbred Balb/c mouse strain was more sensitive than the outbred NIH Swiss mouse to flurazepam’s ability to antagonize electrically precipitated seizures. In prior work, a reduction in flurazepam’s antiseizure efficacy was not observed 24 h after forcing Balb/c mice to swim for up to 10 min in ambient temperature water. Thus, we wondered if a stress-induced reduction would be observed after forcing mice to swim for up to 10 min in cold (6 degrees C) water, a more severe stress.

Conclusions: These data will enable us to provide space crews with evidence-based recommendations for vitamin D supplementation. The findings also have implications for other persons with limited ultraviolet light exposure, including polar workers and the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1092-8.”
“Graft

copolymers containing poly(phenylene xylyene) (PPX) backbone and polystyrene fullerene (PSFu) grafting chains (PPX-g-PSFu) were prepared by using a purposed synthetic route comprising a combination of reaction mechanisms namely the modified Wessling route, an iniferter polymerization, and an atom transfer radical addition (ATRA). The monomer was first prepared by reacting dichloroxylene with tetrahydrothiophene. After that the monomer was polymerized in a sodium hydroxide solution to provide a polymer precursor. Subsequently, the polymer VX-680 datasheet precursor was modified by reacting it with a dithiocarbamate (DTC) compound. The macroiniferter was obtained and then copolymerized with styrene and chloromethylstyrene via an iniferter polymerization. Finally, the graft copolymer was reacted with fullerene through an ATRA technique to attach the C60 groups onto the graft copolymer molecule.

The products obtained from each of the steps were characterized by Using various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, get permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, UV-visible

spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. selleck chemicals llc learn more The aforementioned results suggest that the graft copolymers were prepared. The grafting yield and grafting efficiency were found to increase with the monomers concentration and the amount of DTC Used. Some homopolymer contaminants also occurred but those could be minimized and subsequently removed by extraction with selective solvents. These graft copolymer products might be used for the development of a bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116:433-4,40,2010″
“Study Design. Case-control observational study.

Objective. Determination of dimensional changes in the lumbar spines of athletes between supine and stand-up position in MRI, concerning the lordosis, spinal canal cross-sectional area (SCCA), dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA), sagittal dural sac diameter (SDSD), the lateral recess and the neural foramina.

Summary of Background Data. The development of positional MRI allows the examination of spine segments under a true weight-bearing situation.

Methods. About 35 athletes (20m/15f, empty set: 28a) were examined using a 0.25 T open MRI-Scanner (G-Scan, ES-AOTE, Italy).

Before and after each intervention, reflex activation of the erector spinae in response to sudden trunk flexion (initiated by a Kin-Com dynamometer) was monitored bilaterally at T10 and L3 using surface electromyography (EMG) electrodes. These recordings indicated the onset latency of reflex activation, the peak EMG, and time to peak, at each site. Measurements before and after each intervention

and between muscle sites were compared using a 2-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance.

Results. Spinal creep was confirmed by an increase in maximum flexion of 2.3 degrees +/- 2.5 degrees (P = 0.003), and fatigue by a significant fall in median AMN-107 frequency at one or more sites. Following creep, onset latency increased from 60 +/- 12 milliseconds to 96 +/- 26 milliseconds (P < 0.001) but there was no change in peak EMG or time to peak EMG. Differences between sites (P = 0.004) indicated greater latencies in lumbar compared to thoracic regions, especially after creep. Muscle fatigue had no significant effects on any of the measured parameters.

Conclusion.

Prolonged spinal flexion https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sb273005.html can impair sensorimotor control mechanisms and reduce back muscle protection of the underlying spine. The effect is due to time-dependent “”creep”" in soft tissues rather than muscle fatigue.”
“Samples of an aerospace-grade, carbon-fiber epoxy composite (Hexcell 8552/1M7) were subject to long-term (1 year) hot/wet aging and thermal spiking under different humidity levels and temperature conditions related to the “”in-service”" conditions seen in military GS-7977 aircraft. Changes to the chemical and physico-chemical structure of the composite were analyzed by a range of experimental techniques including gravimetric analysis, FTIR, and DMA, to compare the effects of the various aging conditions. The

results indicated that, while the chemical changes (as seen by FTIR) in this well cured composite appeared to be only significant at the surface, they did appear to have a deeper influence on some of the major physical property changes observed, such as micro-cracking, glass-transition-temperature (T(g)) variations, and Tan 8 curves. These physical changes could not be fully explained by standard water-absorption effects alone but could also be influenced by chemical changes similar to those seen at the surface. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 901-910, 2010″
“Several factors may be important in determining the discharge of patients to long-term care from the acute hospital.

We aimed to look at factors associated with discharge to long-term care from St. James’s Hospital, Dublin between 1997 and 2008.

Data obtained from a long-term care database within the geriatric service were analysed. This service is responsible for assessing and listing all patients for long-term care within the hospital.

Voriconazole, which is associated with photo-toxic side effects in some patients, may be an additional risk factor for SCC in this population.

METHODS: To test whether voriconazole is a risk factor for developing SCC in LTR, we evaluated cumulative exposure to voriconazole in 327 adults who underwent lung transplantation

at one center between 1991 and 2010. Voriconazole exposure was assessed as a time-varying covariate. We used survival analysis methods to assess the risk of developing SCC over time.

RESULTS: Exposure to voriconazole was associated with a 2.6-fold increased risk for SCC. This phenomenon was dose-dependent: the risk for SCC increased by 5.6% with each 60-day exposure at a standard dose of 200 mg twice daily. At 5 years after transplant, voriconazole conferred an absolute risk increase for SCC of 28%.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that caution should be taken when using voriconazole in LTR because this drug increases the already buy VX-680 high risk for SCC in this population. J Heart Selleckchem ARN-509 Lung Transplant 2012;31:694-9 (C) 2012 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“Endometriosis

with bowel involvement is the most invasive form and can cause infertility, chronic pelvic pain and bowel symptoms. Effective surgical treatment of endometriosis requires complete excision of endometriosis and in same case may require segmental rectosigmoid resection.

Between December 1997 and October 2003, 55 patients with rectovaginal endometriosis underwent

a combined laparoscopic hypoxia-inducible factor cancer vaginal technique. 30 patients were found at a follow-up and underwent a telephone interview. The questionnaire covered questions about symptoms related to recurrences of intestinal endometriosis, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea and pregnancy.

Twenty-seven of 30 (90%) women have no clinical symptoms of reported recurrence of endometriosis. Two patients (6.6%) had evidence of recurrence of bowel endometriosis. Dysmenorrhoea disappeared in 28 (93.3%), dyspareunia in 26 (86.7%) and pelvic pain in 27 (90%) patients. 17 patients (31%) tried to become pregnant and 11 of these patients (65%) became pregnant: 9 patients delivered healthy newborns, 18 pregnancies occurred and 19 healthy children were born.

Despite the small number of follow-up patients, our 94-month follow-up data demonstrated that endometriosis with bowel involvement and radical resection was associated with significant reductions in painful and dysfunctional symptoms, a low recurrence rate (6.6%) and high pregnancy rate (36.6%).”
“Using geographic information system and molecular tools, we characterized a possible outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain in 17 patients in Cotonou, Benin, during July 2005-October 2006. Most patients lived or worked in the same area and frequented the same local drinking bar. The isolates were streptomycin resistant.

Materials and methods: We sought technical documents, practice guidelines and standards through an environmental scan of internet resources, an iterative search of the literature on MEDLINE and EMBASE, and

a search of reference lists of included documents.

Results: We identified 20 guidance documents authored by 10 organisations; 11 documents were identified through the environmental scan, five through die CX-6258 cell line literature search and four from reference lists. The recommendations included in this document were developed by the BCCEWG through the selection and review of the evidence and informal consensus.

Conclusions: These organisational recommendations aim to set the stage for high-quality delivery of brachytherapy for cervical cancer services in the province of Ontario, Canada. They address the characteristics of the practice setting, including facilities, equipment, delivery suite, imaging technologies, treatment planning and dosimetry; the practice team, including team members, roles, training, team caseload/volumes and qualifications; learn more and the quality

assurance domain, including documentation, audit, safety and quality control. (C) 2010 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The rebinding behavior of protein-imprinted hydrogel is different from classical small molecularly imprinted polymer especially in protein aggregating state and interaction changeability between protein and imprinted sites. BSA-imprinted calcium alginate-hydroxy ethyl cellulose microspheres were prepared, and the rebinding behavior was studied. An “”imprinting induce-fit model” was proposed to describe the rebinding

property of protein-imprinted hydrogel. Three kinds of different interacting forms between protein and imprinted hydrogel were discovered by Scatchard analysis. Slogistic fit analysis of rebinding rate coefficient was carried out, and the imprinted hydrogel selleck chemical was found capable of promoting rebinding through induce-fit behavior. Higher imprinting efficiency was found in microsphere samples with lower crosslinking density. Rebinding regression equation was established, and the rebinding quantity was computable with parameters including BSA aggregate concentration [P(n)], dissociating rate (k(1)), and single molecule rebinding rate (k(2)). The experimental and calculated rebinding concentration were compared, and errors between -9.43% and 5.59% were found. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1847-1856, 2011″
“Ultraviolet electroabsorption modulators based on bulk GaN films and on GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells were developed and characterized.

2 kg. Thus, every kilo reduction in body weight was related to more than twice the reduction in peak knee force at a given walking speed.

Conclusion: Weight loss is an excellent short-term investment BAY 73-4506 in vivo in terms of joint loading for patients with combined obesity and knee OA. The effects of sustained weight loss on disease

progression and symptoms in relation to biomechanical factors remain to be shown. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.”
“Objective: Many clinicians and decision makers want to know the combined effects of treatments that have not been evaluated in combination. It is possible to determine such treatment effects by making assumptions about the additive effects. We discuss here the prerequisites and methods of applying additivity assumptions in synthesizing FK228 in vitro the evidence from randomized trials and multiple treatment meta-analyses.

Study Design and Setting: Using statistical approaches, we demonstrate the utility of additivity of both pairwise randomized trials and multiple treatment

comparison meta-analyses.

Results: We present illustratively an example on estimating the treatment effects of drug combinations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We confirm the additive treatment effects by comparing with direct combination treatment trial results.

Conclusion: Additive effects may be a useful tool to estimate the effectiveness of treatment combinations. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose of review

To discuss the recommendations pertaining to infants, children, and adolescents in new and updated

tuberculosis (TB) guidelines that have been published since 2010 – AZD1480 with emphasis on those from supranational organizations.

Recent findings

The main developments in the guidelines covered in this article are related to: novel diagnostics for TB infection, disease, and drug resistance; updated treatment regimens for childhood and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB); and primary and secondary prevention of TB disease in HIV-infected children and adolescents.

Summary

These new guidelines have significant implications for improving pediatric TB care. Regarding diagnosis, current interferon-gamma release assays should not replace tuberculin skin testing, but may be complementary; a polymerase chain reaction assay has been validated for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in microscopy-negative samples, especially in HIV-infected and DR-TB suspects; and a molecular line probe assay has been validated for detecting DR-TB in microscopy-positive samples and culture isolates in DR-TB suspects. With respect to treatment, there have been certain changes in the recent World Health Organization recommendations for certain clinical syndromes, for multidrug-resistant TB disease, and for HIV/TB disease.

The ester groups strongly

affected the molecular properties of the parent ciprofloxacin. As the size of the ester group increased the formula weight, molar volume, and number of rotatable bonds increased. The Log P for these SCH727965 chemical structure compounds were -0.701, -0.441, -0.065, 0.437 for ciprofloxacin, B, C, and compound D, respectively. Numerical values of dermal permeability coefficient (Kp) increased rapidly as length of the ester carbon chain increased. The immediate consequence of Kp increase is an increased skin penetration rate based on dose and time span of administration. Polar surface area for ciprofloxacin is 74.569 Angstroms(2), but decreases to 63.575 Angstroms(2) for all three derivatives. All three derivatives of ciprofloxacin showed zero violations of the Rule CA3 cell line of 5, indicating these drugs would have favorable bioavailability. Compounds A, B, C, and D were placed into tissue culture with methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA, respectively) to determine levels of bacterial growth inhibition. All compounds induced greater than 60 % inhibition of MSSA at concentrations as low as 15.63 micrograms/milliliter. All four compounds induced greater than

80 % inhibition of MRSA at concentratins as low as 15.63 micrograms/milliliter. Development of novel drug designs will benefit the clinical treatment of dangerous infections of MSSA and MRSA.”
“We report the successful use of a 2-mm rigid Bonfils intubation endoscope as a rescue device in a 5-week-old baby presenting with an unstable airway due to massive macroglossia and multiple hemorrhagic lymphangiomata compressing the airway and resulting in a Cormack and Lehane grade 4 view. The limited intraoral space rendered it impossible to visualize the

laryngeal inlet or insert a laryngeal mask, Glidescope or Airtraq blade into the patient’s mouth. A 2-mm Bonfils fibrescope passed easily into the patient’s mouth and facilitated a grade 1 view of the laryngeal inlet with subsequent successful intubation at first attempt with Stem Cells & Wnt inhibitor a 3.5-mm uncuffed endotracheal tube. There are very few alternatives to rescue such an airway in this age group with this type of pathology and surgical intervention would have been difficult due to the vascular nature of the lesion. Bonfils intubation endoscopes (Karl Storz Endoscopy, Tuttlingen, Germany) are a series of reusable devices consisting of a rigid metal tube with a fixed 40 degrees anterior tip curvature containing a fibreoptic bundle. They are available in three sizes with outside diameters of 2, 3.5, or 5mm. The advantage of the pediatric 2-mm Bonfils fibrescope is that it allows intubation with a 2.5-mm endotracheal tube. There is a paucity of the literature pertaining to the use of the Bonfils endoscope as a rescue device for intubation of small infants and neonates.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that

gains in gait velocity and functional independence were not correlated to BTX-A dose.”
“The essential oils from twenty-two different Stachys species were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-nine compounds, which accounted for 70.5-97.8% of the total composition of the oils, have been identified. Germacrene-D (2.9-45.3%), beta-caryophyllene (2.3-62.3%), caryophyllene oxide (trace to 7.8%), spathulenol (trace to 7.8%) and alpha-cadinene (1.4-8.5%) have been identified as the main components PS-095760 of the essential oils. Antimicrobial assessments of the essential oils were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, MK-4827 Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans by disc diffusion method. Most of the essential oils showed moderate activity against the studied microorganisms. (C) 2011 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“Lactobacillus, a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, includes many strains of probiotic microflora.

Probiotics, by definition, are living microorganisms that exert beneficial effects on the host organism. The morphology and physiology of the Lactobacillus bacterial genus are described. The structure of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is discussed. The surface S-layer of Lactobacillus

composed of proteins (SLP) with low molecular mass is presented. Cell surface proteins participating in the regulation of growth this website and survival of the intestinal epithelium cells are characterized. The influence of stress factors such as increased temperature, pH, and enzymes of gastric and pancreatic juice on SLP expression is described. The ability of binding of heavy metal ions by S-layer proteins is discussed. The characteristics of these structures, including the ability to adhere to epithelial cells, and the inhibition of invasion of pathogenic microflora of type Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Clostridium and their toxins, are presented.”
“Contents Reproductive physiology in dogs is quite unusual compared with that in other mammalian species. The peculiarities include the presence of numerous polyoocyte follicles, the ovulation of an immature oocyte (GV stage, non-fertilizable) and a peri-ovulatory period during which concentrations of circulating progesterone are particularly high. The aim of this review is to examine the unusual aspects of the reproductive physiology of dogs and how this relates to the clinical biology of this species.”
“Objective: The aim of this study is to determine if the University of Pennsylvania’s Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is an accurate diagnostic tool for olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Our technique is simple and safe with appreciable results in terms of success and it does not require immobilization

with positive effects on patient’s management. (c) 2011 Published by European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.”
“Current re-introduction of “”improved”" preimplantation genetic screening (PGS#2) raises the question whether PGS#2 is ready for routine clinical application.

We assessed available evidence via review of published data for years 2005-2012, and review of currently ongoing registered clinical trials, based on searches under appropriate key words in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database System Review and Google Scholar and http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. In absence of prospective clinical trials, and due to limited available data, individual publications/ongoing studies are assessed.

PGS#2 offers significant improvements Elacridar price in accuracy of aneuploidy diagnosis over PGS#1.

By moving embryo biopsy from day-3 after fertilization (6-8 cell stage) to trophectoderm biopsy at blastocyst stage (day 5-6), PGS#2, however, adds additional co-variables to the analysis of efficacy of the procedure, which have special relevance for women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), who usually produce small egg and embryo numbers. Limited published data, claiming efficacy of PGS#2, as well as ongoing clinical trials, do KPT-8602 not consider these additional co-variables, do not analyze outcomes by intent to

treat and, therefore, have to be considered biased in patient selection.

Here reached conclusions are based on absence of adequate data www.selleckchem.com/products/ly333531.html rather than affirmative outcome assessments. They, therefore, are subject to change at any future date with generation of significant new data. Premature introduction of PGS#1 caused significant damage to patients. As currently no reliable PGS#2 data are available to suggest improvements in IVF outcomes, to avoid a repeat of the PGS#1 experience, PGS#2 should be considered experimental until data show otherwise.”
“Attached activated sludge from the Krasnaya Polyana (Sochi) wastewater treatment plant was studied after the reconstruction by increased aeration and water recycle, as well as by the installation of a bristle carrier for activated sludge immobilization. The activated sludge biofilms developing under conditions of intense aeration were shown to contain both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Activity of a strictly anaerobic methanogenic community was revealed, which degraded organic compounds to methane, further oxidized by aerobic methanotrophs. Volatile fatty acids, the intermediates of anaerobic degradation of complex organic compounds, were used by both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium with nitrite (anammox) and the presence of obligate anammox bacteria were revealed in attached activated sludge biofilms.

After a median follow-up of 1041 days women experienced a significant higher incidence of the composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for heart failure (31.9% vs 18.4%, unadjusted HR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26-2.74; P = 0.002), driven mainly

by heart failure (unadjusted HR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.12-5.41; P = 0.024), without significant differences in death (unadjusted HR 1.49; 95% CI, 0.88-2.53; P = 0.13), or nonfatal myocardial infarction (unadjusted HR 1.59; 95% CI, 0.78-3.27; P = 0.19) Alisertib and no increase in target lesion revascularization (9.4% vs 12.5%, unadjusted HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.42-1.44; P = 0.42). After VX-689 in vivo propensity score matching the hazard of the composite endpoint was largely attenuated (HR 1.32; 95% CI, 0.84-2.06; P = 0.23).

Conclusions: Women undergoing primary PCI experience worse long-term outcomes than men, but this difference is largely explained by their more adverse baseline cardiovascular profile.”
“The impact of feeding flax as seed, meal, or oil to late-pregnant and lactating sows on fatty acid profiles in sows

and their piglets was studied. Sixty second- and third-parity sows (Yorkshire x Landrace) were fed 1 of 4 diets from 68 d of gestation until 21 d of lactation. Diets were: control without flax (CTL, n = 15); 10% flaxseed supplementation (FS, n = 16); 6.5% flaxseed meal supplementation (FSM, n = 14); and 3.5% flaxseed oil supplementation (FSO, n = 15). All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Jugular blood samples were obtained from sows on d 62 and 110 of gestation and on d 2 and 21 of lactation. Milk samples were obtained on d 3 and 20 of lactation. Fatty acid profiles were established in plasma and milk. One piglet per litter was slaughtered on d 1 for determination of fatty acid profiles in carcass ACY-241 nmr and brain tissue. On d 110 of

gestation, sows fed FS and FSO had less SFA (P < 0.05), more PUFA (P < 0.001), more n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.001), and a decreased n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.001) in their serum than sows fed FSM. These same differences were present on d 21 of lactation with a decrease in MUFA also being observed (P < 0.05). Milk from sows fed FS and FSO showed increased n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.01) and decreased n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.001) on d 3 and 20 of lactation, as well as less SFA (P < 0.01) and MUFA (P < 0.05) and greater PUFA (P < 0.001) concentrations on d 20. Carcass and brain tissues from their newborn piglets also exhibited increased n-3 fatty acids (P < 0.001) and decreased n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.01) compared with piglets farrowed by sows fed FSM. Results demonstrated that feeding flax as seed or oil has significant effects on the fatty acid profile in sows and their offspring and that these changes are due to the oil content of flax because they were not observed when sows were fed FSM.