Following TBI and ICH, administration of hBNP was associated with

Following TBI and ICH, administration of hBNP was associated with

improved functional performance as assessed by rotorod and Morris water maze latencies (p < 0.01). CBF was increased (p < 0.05), and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha and IL-6; p < 0.05), activated microglial (F4/80; p < 0.05), and neuronal degeneration (Fluoro-Jade B; p < 0.05) were reduced in mice receiving hBNP. hBNP improves neurological function in murine models of TBI and ICH, and was associated with enhanced CBF and downregulation of neuroinflammatory responses. hBNP may represent a novel therapeutic strategy after acute CNS injury.”
“Background Aortic ischemia reperfusion (IR) is an important factor in the development of postoperative acute lung injury following abdominal aortic surgery The aim of our study was to learn more examine the effect of beta glucan on lung injury Induced by abdominal aortic IR in rats\n\nMaterial and Methods Thirty two Wistar albino rats were randomized

into four groups (eight per group) as follows the control group (sham laparotomy), aortic IR (120 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion), aortic IR + beta glucan (beta glucan 50 mg/kg/d for 10 d was administered orally before IR), and control + beta glucan Lung tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analysis Protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar this website lavage fluid and lung wet/dry weight ratios were measured Histologic evaluation of the rat lung tissues was also performed\n\nResults LDK378 Aortic IR significantly increased the levels of MDA, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase (P < 0 05 versus control) Whereas, beta glucan significantly decreased

the lung tissue levels of MDA, superoxide dismutase, catalase, myeloperoxidase, (P < 005 versus aortic IR), and protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as wet/dry lung weight ratio Histologic evaluation showed that beta glucan attenuated tic morphological changes associated with lung injury\n\nConclusions The results of this study indicate that beta glucan attenuates lung injury induced by aortic IR in rats We propose that this protective effect of beta glucan is due to (1) reduced systemic inflammatory response, (2) reduced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the lung tissue, (3) reduced pulmonary microvascular leakage, and (4) inhibition of leukocyte infiltration into the lung tissue (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved”
“Purpose Total pancreatectomy (TP) eliminates the risk and morbidity of pancreatic leak after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, TP is a more extensive procedure with guaranteed endocrine and exocrine insufficiency. Previous studies conflict on the net benefit of TP.

Yet, overcoming patient selection forces is a formidable challeng

Yet, overcoming patient selection forces is a formidable challenge for observational studies comparing treatment groups.\n\nObjective: To compare patterns of symptom burden and distress in men with localized PCa randomized to

radical prostatectomy (RP) or watchful GSK2126458 waiting (WW) and followed up longitudinally.\n\nDesign, setting, and participants: The three largest, Swedish, randomization centers for the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 trial conducted a longitudinal study to assess symptoms and distress from several psychological and physical domains by mailed questionnaire every 6 mo for 2 yr and then yearly through 8 yr of follow-up.\n\nIntervention: RP compared with WW.\n\nOutcome measurements and statistical

analysis: A questionnaire was mailed at baseline and then repeatedly during follow-up with questions concerning physical and mental symptoms. Each analysis of quality of life was based on a dichotomization of the outcome (yes vs no) studied in a binomial response, generalized linear mixed model.\n\nResults and limitations: Of 347 randomized men, 272 completed at least five questionnaires during an 8-yr follow-up period. Almost all men reported that PCa negatively influenced daily activities and relationships. Health-related distress, worry, feeling low, and insomnia were consistently reported by approximately Selleckchem GW786034 30-40% in both groups. Men in the RP group consistently reported more leakage, impaired erection and libido, and fewer obstructive voiding symptoms. For men in the WW group, distress related to erectile symptoms increased gradually over time. Symptom burden and distress at baseline was predictive of long-term outlook.\n\nConclusions: Cancer negatively influenced daily activities among almost all men in both treatment groups; health-related distress was common. Trade-offs exist between physiologic symptoms, highlighting the importance

of tailored treatment decision-making. Men who are likely to experience find more profound long-term distress can be identified early in disease management. (C) 2013 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Oesophageal replacement in patients following distal gastrectomy (DGE) remains a surgical challenge, and the standard option is the colonic or jejunal transplant. However, in some cases, it is possible (or mandatory) to utilize the remnant stomach for oesophagoplasty (EP). This method preserves some advantages of the gastric EP in comparison with the bowel EP. During recent years, several papers have been published in English regarding remnant stomach EP, and different aspects of this procedure have been discussed. However, there is still no comprehensive literature review analysing the possible EP approaches using the remnant stomach.

In particular, IGFBP1, BCL2, and BAX were up-regulated, while IL1

In particular, IGFBP1, BCL2, and BAX were up-regulated, while IL11, CCL4, IGF1, and CASP8 were down-regulated. Conclusion The altered gene endometrial expression may explain the impaired endometrial receptivity and the finding of endometrial hyperplastic lesions in women affected by CE.”
“Two novel biologically active peptides, Eumenine mastoparan-OD and Orancis-Protonectin, were isolated from a solitary wasp, Orancistrocerus drewseni drewseni (Eumeninae, Vespidae). MALDI-TOF MS analysis of a small amount of the crude venom gave two intensive molecular-related ion peaks at m/z 1269.9 and 1552.9 that were expected to be novel based

on a peptide database search. Purification of the crude find protocol venom by HPLC gave two peptide fractions, P-1 and P-2. The amino acid sequence of P-1 (GRILSFIKAGLAEHL-NH(2)) and P-2 (ILGIITSLLKSL-NH(2)) were determined by ESI-MS/MS, automated Edman degradation, and amino acid analysis. According to the high sequence homology with those of mastoparan and protonectin, P-1 and P-2 were labeled Eumenine mastoparan-OD and Orancis-Protonectin, respectively. Orancis-Protonectin is the first example of a protonectin analog isolated from the

venom of a solitary wasp. The hemolytic activities of these new peptides were more potent than that of mastoparan.”
“Vascularization SB525334 purchase is still one of the most important limitations for the survival of engineered tissues after implantation. In this study, we aim to improve the in vivo vascularization of engineered adipose tissue by preforming vascular structures within in vitro-engineered adipose tissue constructs that can integrate with the host vascular system upon implantation. Different cell culture media were tested and different amounts of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were combined in spheroid cocultures to obtain optimal conditions for the generation of prevascularized

adipose tissue constructs. Immunohistochemistry revealed that prevascular structures were formed in the constructs only when 20% ASC and 80% HUVEC were combined and cultured in a 1:1 mixture of endothelial cell medium and HSP inhibitor adipogenic medium. Moreover, the ASC in these constructs accumulated lipid and expressed the adipocyte-specific gene fatty acid binding protein-4. Implantation of prevascularized ASC/FIUVEC constructs in nude mice resulted in a significantly higher amount of vessels (37 +/- 17 vessels/mm(2)) within the constructs compared to non-prevascularized constructs composed only of ASC (3 +/- 4 vessels/mm(2)). Moreover, a subset of the preformed human vascular structures (3.6 +/- 4.2 structures/mm(2)) anastomosed with the mouse vasculature as indicated by the presence of intravascular red blood cells.


“Auto-regulation

of the three goldfish estrogen re


“Auto-regulation

of the three goldfish estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes was examined simultaneously in multiple tissues, in relation to mRNA levels of liver vitellogenin LB-100 clinical trial (VTG) and brain transcripts. Male goldfish were implanted with a silastic implant containing either no steroid or 17 beta-estradiol (E2) (100 mu g/g body mass) for one and seven days. Liver transcript levels of ER alpha were the most highly up-regulated of the ERs, and a parallel induction of liver VTG was observed. In the testes (7 d) and telencephalon (7 d), E2 induced ER alpha. In the liver (1 d) and hypothalamus (7 d) ER beta 1 was down-regulated, while ER beta 2 remained unchanged under all conditions. Although aromatase B levels increased in the brain, the majority

of candidate genes identified by microarray in the hypothalamus (1 d) decreased. These results demonstrate that ER subtypes are differentially regulated by E2, and several brain transcripts decrease upon short-term elevation of circulating E2 levels. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, BR-3(T), was isolated from a tidal flat on the western coast of Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic study. Strain BR-3(T) grew optimally at 25 degrees C, at pH 6.5-7.0 and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain BR-3(T) fell within the clade comprising Selleckchem Tozasertib species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, joining the type strain of Mucilaginibacter rigui, with which it exhibited highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.2 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between strain BR-3(T) and the type strains of the other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter were in the range 93.8-95.9 %. A mean DNA DNA relatedness value between strain BR-3(T) and

M. rigui KCTC 12534(T) was 21 %. Strain BR-3(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone MK-2206 chemical structure and C-16:1 omega 7c and/or iso-C-15:0 2-OH and iso-C-15:0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 49.8 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness of strain BR-3(T) demonstrated that this strain is separate from M. rigui as well as the other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter. On the basis of the data presented, strain BR-3(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BR-3(T) (=KCTC 23461(T) =CCUG 60742(T)).”
“Background Accurate preoperative estimation of remnant liver function is critically important for hepatic surgery, and the expression of asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPR) is associated with hepatic function.\n\nMethods Thirty-two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent surgical resection were studied.


“To compare precut and surgeon-cut organ cultured donor co


“To compare precut and surgeon-cut organ cultured donor corneas for DSAEK. A total of 119 consecutive eyes treated with DSAEK were retrospectically identified. 65 grafts were cut by the surgeon (Moria, ALTK System) prior to DSAEK and 54 grafts were precut by laboratory technicians from the Danish Eye Bank (Horizon single-use system). 1 year after surgery, tomographic images were obtained with the Pentacam HR. Endothelial cell density (ECD) and best-corrected

visual acuity (BCVA) was determined. Graft thickness and graft asymmetry was evaluated in the centre and 1 mm from the PF-03084014 edge of the graft in 6 semi-meridians. 1 year after surgery, the ECD loss was similar in the two groups, averaging 25.9 +/- A 14 % in surgeon-cut, and 22.9 +/- A 17 % in precut group (p = 0.33). Mean central graft thickness

was 172 +/- A 6 MLN2238 chemical structure mu m in surgeon-cut grafts and 182 +/- A 6 mu m in precut grafts (p = 0.30). BCVA was similar in surgeon-cut and precut corneas; being 0.25 +/- A 0.02 logMAR and 0.24 +/- A 0.02 logMAR, respectively (p = 0.59). The graft asymmetry index was 1.48 +/- A 0.02 for surgeon-cut and 1.44 +/- A 0.02 for precut grafts. There were no significant differences in complications rate in both groups. No correlations between BCVA and central graft thickness or graft asymmetry index in both groups were observed. Organ cultured precut donor corneas are comparable with surgeon-cut grafts with respect to ECD, graft thickness and asymmetry, and postoperative complication rate.”
“To achieve enhanced gene transfection efficiency with ocular eye-drop therapy, a cationic core shell liponanoparticle ATM/ATR tumor (DLCS-NP) was designed by enveloping the plasmid-laden chitosan nanoparticle (CS-NP) into a cationic lipid shell. The cellular uptake of DLCS-NP was up to 1.25-fold and 5-fold higher than that of CS-NP and lipid-coated chitosan nanoparticles (LCS-NP), respectively. Further endocytosis

inhibition investigation discovered that facilitated by the cationic outer lipid layer, several other distinct pathways (besides clathrin-mediated endocytosis) were involved in the endocytosis of DLCS-NP. Endolysosome trafficking experiment verified that cationic lipid coating could facilitate the endolysosome escape of DLCS-NP. Consequently, using enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) as a reporter gene, DLCS-NP-treated human conjunctival epithelial cells exhibited 3.1- and 3.5-fold more intense EGFP expression than that of LCS-NP and CS-NP, respectively. Finally, in vivo transfection experiments on rabbits revealed that EGFP expression exhibited 2.52-fold increase in DLCS-NP group than that of CS-NP group.

Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed database for relevant

Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed database for relevant studies published in English from November 1998 to March 2012 was performed. Selected studies were randomized clinical trials, human clinical trials, or prospective trials

with a clear aim of investigating the success or survival rate of short ( smaller than 10 mm) implants. Results: Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. A total of 525 short ( smaller than 10 mm) dental implants were analyzed, of which 253 were 3.5 mm in diameter (48.19%), 151 were 4.0 mm (28.76%), 90 were 4.1 mm (17.14%), 21 were 4.8 mm (4%), and 10 were 5.1 mm (1.9%). All implants included in this meta-analysis had a follow-up period of 12 to 72 months. The included studies reported on the survival rate and diameter of DMH1 the implants. Six of the studies used “short implants” (7 to 9 mm), and the remaining were classified as “extra-short implants” ( smaller than = 6 mm). Five-year estimated failure rates were 1.61% and 2.92%, respectively,

for extra-short and short implants (z = -3.49, P smaller than 0.001, 95% confidence interval = 0.51% to 4.10%). Furthermore, it was found that the wider the implant, the higher the failure rate (estimated failure rate = 2.36%, 95% confidence interval = 1.07% to 5.23%). Conclusions: Neither implant length nor width seemed to significantly affect the survival rate of short implants ( smaller than 10 mm). Nonetheless, further well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.”
“Background: miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. 3-Methyladenine purchase Genetic variation in miRNA-encoding sequences or their corresponding binding sites may affect the fidelity of the miRNA-mRNA interaction and subsequently alter Momelotinib cost the risk of cancer development. Methods: This study expanded

the search for miRNA-related polymorphisms contributing to the etiology of colorectal cancer across the genome using a novelplatform, the AxiommiRNATarget SiteGenotyping Array (237,858 markers). After quality control, the study included 596 cases and 429 controls from the Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer study, a population-based case-control study of colorectal cancer in northern Israel. The association between each marker and colorectal cancer status was examined assuming a log-additive genetic model using logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, and two principal components. Results: Twenty-three markers had P values less than 5.0E 04, and the most statistically significant association involved rs2985 (chr6: 34845648; intronic of UHRF1BP1; OR 0.66; P 3.7E 05). Furthermore, this study replicated a previously published risk locus, rs1051690, in the 30-untranslated region of the insulin receptor gene INSR (OR 1.38; P 0.03), with strong evidence of differences in INSR gene expression by genotype.

ADAM33 immunostaining on inflammatory cells in atheromas was also

ADAM33 immunostaining on inflammatory cells in atheromas was also observed.

Primary vascular smooth muscle cells in culture were also found to express ADAM33. Boyden chamber assays showed that a neutralising antibody against ADAM33 increased the ability of arterial smooth muscle cells to migrate through a reconstituted basement selleck chemicals membrane, suggesting that ADAM33 has an inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle migration. Moreover, we detected an association between ADAM33 genotype and the extent of atherosclerosis in a large cohort of coronary artery disease patients. These findings suggest that ADAM33 is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The pattern of molecular evolution of imprinted genes is controversial and the entire picture is still to be unveiled. Recently, a relationship between the formation of imprinted genes and gene duplication was reported in genome-wide survey of imprinted genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Because gene duplications influence the molecular evolution of the duplicated gene family, it is necessary to investigate both the pattern of molecular evolution and the possible relationship between gene duplication

and genomic imprinting for a better understanding of evolutionary aspects of imprinted genes. In this study, we investigated JQ1 this website the evolutionary changes of type I MADS-box genes that include imprinted genes by using relative species of Arabidopsis thaliana (two subspecies of A. lyrata and three subspecies of A. halleri). A duplicated gene family enables us to compare DNA sequences between imprinted genes and its homologs. We found an increased number of gene duplications

within species in clades containing the imprinted genes, further supporting the hypothesis that local gene duplication is one of the driving forces for the formation of imprinted genes. Moreover, data obtained by phylogenetic analysis suggested “rapid evolution” of not only imprinted genes but also its closely related orthologous genes, which implies the effect of gene duplication on molecular evolution of imprinted genes.”
“Based on the available literature, non alcoholic fatty liver disease or generally speaking, hepatic steatosis, is more frequent among people with diabetes and obesity, and is almost universally present amongst morbidly obese diabetic patients. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is being increasingly recognized as a common liver condition in the developed world, with non alcoholic steatohepatitis projected to be the leading cause of liver transplantation. Previous data report that only 20% of patients with Cushing’s syndrome have hepatic steatosis.

Milk from goats heterozygous for the deletion contained a high co

Milk from goats heterozygous for the deletion contained a high content of (alpha(s1)-CN compared with the milk from goats homozygous for the deletion that

contained very low amounts of alpha(s1)-CN. Milk from heterozygous goats contained the highest fat and protein content and exhibited the best coagulation properties; therefore, it was more preferable for cheese making. Cheese manufactured from milk from the heterozygous goats obtained a better and more stable cheese quality than did cheese made from the homozygous goats. The latter cheese had a higher moisture content, a more often rancid flavour and a different composition of free amino acids. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The participation of opioids in the antinociceptive effect of electroacupuncture was evaluated in terms of nociception produced by high throughput screening compounds thermal stimuli applied to the face of male Wistar rats, weighing 180-230 g. Electrical stimulation Amino acid transport inhibitor (bipolar and asymmetric square wave with 0.5 mA intensity for 20 min) of acupoint St36, located in the anterior tibial muscle 10 mm distal to the knee joint, induced antinociception in the present model, which was maintained for 150 min. Acupoint LI4, located in the junction of the first and second metacarpal

bones, did not achieve antinociception at any frequency studied (5 Hz: 1.7 +/- 0.1; 30 Hz: 1.8 +/- 0.1; 100 Hz: 1.7 +/- 0.1 vs 1.4 +/- 0.2). The antinociception obtained by stimulation of acupoint St36 was only achieved when high frequency 100 Hz (3.0 +/- 0.2 vs 1.0 +/- 0.1) was used, and not with 5 or 30 Hz (1.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 vs 1.0 +/- 0.1). The antinociceptive effect of acupuncture occurred by opioid pathway activation, since naloxone

(1 and 2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) antagonized it (1.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 vs 3.0 +/- 0.1).”
“Helicases are ubiquitous essential enzymes which have significant role in the nucleic acid metabolism. Using in silico approaches in the recent past we have identified a number of helicases in the Plasmodium falciparum genome. In the present study Belnacasan chemical structure we report purification and detailed characterization of a novel helicase from P. falciparum. Our results indicate that this helicase is a homologue of Dbp5 and DDX19 from yeast and human, respectively. The biochemical characterization shows that it contains DNA and RNA unwinding, nucleic acid dependent ATPase and RNA binding activities. It is interesting to note that this enzyme can unwind DNA duplexes in both 5′ to 3′ and 3′ to 5′ directions. Using truncated derivatives we further show that Q motif is essentially required for all of its activities. These studies should make an important contribution in understanding the enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism in the parasite. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Axonal degeneration is a hallmark of many neurological disorders.

Unlike more standard paths such as the minimum energy path or the

Unlike more standard paths such as the minimum energy path or the minimum free energy path, the location of the principal

curve depends on global features of the energy or the free energy landscapes and thereby may remain appropriate in situations where the landscape is rough on the thermal energy scale and/or entropic effects related to the width of the reaction channels matter. Instead of using constrained sampling in hyperplanes as in the original FTS, the new method calculates the principal curve via sampling in the Voronoi tessellation whose generating points are the discretization points along this curve. As shown here, this modification results in greater algorithmic simplicity. As a by-product, Baf-A1 nmr it also gives the free energy associated with the Voronoi tessellation. The new method can be applied both in the original Cartesian space of the system or in a set of collective variables. We illustrate Rabusertib cell line FTS on test-case examples

and apply it to the study of conformational transitions of the nitrogen regulatory protein C receiver domain using an elastic network model and to the isomerization of solvated alanine dipeptide.”
“The bacterial genus Ralstonia (Gram-negative non-fermenters) is becoming more prevalent in cases of infection with three bacterial species, Ralstonia pickettii, Ralstonia insidiosa and Ralstonia mannitolilytica, making up all cases reported (in the literature) to date. These organisms are prevalent in many different types of water supplies (including hospital water supplies), being well adapted to survive in low-nutrient conditions. They have been shown to cause infections, sometimes serious, such as osteomyelitis and meningitis, in hospital settings. Seventy cases of R. pickettii, 13 cases of R. mannitolilytica and three cases of R. insidiosa infection have been identified from the literature. Insight is given into the types of infections that are caused by these bacteria, the underlying conditions that are associated with these infections and potential treatments.”
“Transcranial

magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers the possibility of non-invasive treatment of brain disorders in humans. Studies Y-27632 in vivo on animals can allow rapid progress of the research including exploring a variety of different treatment conditions. Numerical calculations using animal models are needed to help design suitable TMS coils for use in animal experiments, in particular, to estimate the electric field induced in animal brains. In this paper, we have implemented a high-resolution anatomical MRI-derived mouse model consisting of 50 tissue types to accurately calculate induced electric field in the mouse brain. Magnetic field measurements have been performed on the surface of the coil and compared with the calculations in order to validate the calculated magnetic and induced electric fields in the brain.

Significant between-trap differences abundance and parity rates w

Significant between-trap differences abundance and parity rates were observed.\n\nConclusions: Only the direct aspiration collected exclusively host-seeking females, despite a concern that human manipulation may influence estimation of the

biting rate. The sticky cover trap assessed accurately the biting rate of abundant species even if it might act as an interception trap. The drop trap collected the highest abundance of Culicoides and may have caught individuals not attracted Blebbistatin research buy by sheep but by its structure. Finally, abundances obtained using the UV-light/suction trap did not estimate accurately Culicoides biting rate.”
“beta-amino acids are widely used in drug research, and S-3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid (S-APA) is an important pharmaceutical intermediate of S-dapoxetine, which has been approved for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Chiral catalysis is an excellent method for the preparation of enantiopure compounds.

In this study, we used (+/-)-ethyl-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoate (EAP) as the sole carbon source. Three hundred thirty one microorganisms were isolated from 30 soil samples, and 17 strains could produce S-APA. After three rounds of cultivation and identification, the strain Y1-6 exhibiting the highest enantioselective activity of S-APA was identified as Methylobacterium oryzae. The optimal medium composition contained this website methanol (2.5 g/L), 1,2-propanediol (7.5 g/L), soluble starch (2.5 g/L), and peptone.(10 g/L); it was shaken at 220 rpm for 4-5 days at 30 degrees C. The optimum condition for biotransformation of EAP involved cultivation at 37 degrees C for 48 h with 120 mg of wet cells and 0.64 mg of EAP in 1 ml of transfer solution.

Under this condition, substrate ee was 92.1% and yield was 48.6%. We then attempted to use Methylobacterium Y1-6 to catalyze the hydrolytic reaction with substrates containing 3-amino-3-phenylpropanoate ester, N-substituted-1 beta-ethyl-3-amino-3-phenyl-propanoate, and gamma-lactam. 3-deazaneplanocin A It was found that 5 compounds with ester bonds could be stereoselectively hydrolyzed to S-acid, and 2 compounds with gamma-lactam bonds could be stereoselectively hydrolyzed to (-)-gamma-lactam. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Complexation of D-gluconate (Gluc(-)) with Ca2+ has been investigated via H-1, C-13 and Ca-43 NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solutions in the presence of high concentration background electrolytes (1 M <= I <= 4 M (NaCl) ionic strength). From the ionic strength dependence of its formation constant, the stability constant at 6 <= pH <= 11 and at I -> 0 M has been derived (log K-1,1(0) = 1.8 +/- 0.1). The protonation constant of Gluc(-) at I = 1 M (NaCl) ionic strength was also determined and was found to be log K-a = 3.24 +/- 0.01 (C-13 NMR) and log K-a = 3.23 +/- 0.01 (H-1 NMR).